<p>Tallgrass prairies are important habitat for bee pollinators because they provide diverse floral and nesting resources throughout the growing season. Management strategies such as fire and grazing can maintain plant diversity within prairies; however, it is unclear how pollinators, respond to these management practices, and whether all groups of pollinators are affected similarly. In a two-year study, we examined the direct and indirect effects of fire frequency and bison grazing on above-ground (AG) and below-ground (BG) nesting bees through changes in both their floral and nesting resources. We found that overall bee abundance was greater in bison grazed sites but the effect was stronger in the second year of the study. Furthermore, we found that overall bee richness was greater in the second year of the study and that fire and grazing interacted to affect bee community composition. Using structural equation models, we found the mechanisms by which fire and grazing affected bee communities varied by bee nesting strategies. For example, fire and grazing increased the amount of bare ground, which in turn increased BG nesting bee abundance. However, bison-mediated changes in soil compaction increased AG nesting bee abundance and richness. Both fire and grazing impacted forb communities but these changes in floral resources did not translate to changes in bee communities. Because disturbance mediated changes in soil structure influenced both AG and BG bees, our research highlights the need to consider how disturbances influence nesting resources for bee pollinator conservation and habitat restoration.</p>