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<p>We investigated how tree species and their biogeographical origins modulate the abundance and interactions of soil fauna (by identifying arachnids, myriapods, insects, mushrooms, nematodes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), litter properties (lignin content, organic C, and total N), soil parameters (pH, SOC, and total N), nutrient leaf content (organic C and total N), and root traits (fine roots’ dry biomass, root colonization by AMF, and root lesions by soil nematodes). Through a combination of principal component analysis (PCA), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and structural equation modeling (SEM), we identified the main ecological drivers shaping these interlinked ecosystem components. Our findings show that native and exotic tree species create distinct soil biotic networks and nutrient dynamics. Litter deposition, litter lignin content, and leaf C and N contents were more strongly associated with native tree species, whereas soil pH, soil total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon (SOC) were key drivers under exotic tree species. Root traits such as ectomycorrhizal colonization, fine root density, and nematode damage also varied significantly by tree origin, showing that tree species influences both beneficial symbionts and root herbivores. SEM revealed SOC and total nitrogen as central regulators, with strong direct effects on leaf traits and litter quality. Litter, in turn, mediated feedbacks to soil properties and aboveground communities. Notably, macrofauna and mushroom abundance exerted powerful top-down control over nematode populations, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi supported nematode diversity. Despite the fertility benefits provided by some exotic tree species, they were also associated with lower biodiversity and altered biotic interactions, raising concerns about their long-term ecological sustainability. This study emphasizes the multifaceted roles of tree species in regulating ecosystem processes and underscores the ecological trade-offs that arise when economically valuable exotic species are introduced into forest systems. Restoration strategies in the Atlantic Forest should prioritize native trees to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem resilience while balancing soil fertility goals. These findings provide a robust framework for integrating biodiversity conservation with soil functionality in tropical forest restoration and management.</p>

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Tree species effects on soil biota, litter quality, and nutrient dynamics in the Atlantic Forest: a trait-based approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza,
  • Gislaine dos Santos Nascimento,
  • Marcelo Callegari Scipioni,
  • Andressa Vasconcelos Flôres,
  • Flavio Pereira de Oliveira

摘要

We investigated how tree species and their biogeographical origins modulate the abundance and interactions of soil fauna (by identifying arachnids, myriapods, insects, mushrooms, nematodes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), litter properties (lignin content, organic C, and total N), soil parameters (pH, SOC, and total N), nutrient leaf content (organic C and total N), and root traits (fine roots’ dry biomass, root colonization by AMF, and root lesions by soil nematodes). Through a combination of principal component analysis (PCA), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and structural equation modeling (SEM), we identified the main ecological drivers shaping these interlinked ecosystem components. Our findings show that native and exotic tree species create distinct soil biotic networks and nutrient dynamics. Litter deposition, litter lignin content, and leaf C and N contents were more strongly associated with native tree species, whereas soil pH, soil total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon (SOC) were key drivers under exotic tree species. Root traits such as ectomycorrhizal colonization, fine root density, and nematode damage also varied significantly by tree origin, showing that tree species influences both beneficial symbionts and root herbivores. SEM revealed SOC and total nitrogen as central regulators, with strong direct effects on leaf traits and litter quality. Litter, in turn, mediated feedbacks to soil properties and aboveground communities. Notably, macrofauna and mushroom abundance exerted powerful top-down control over nematode populations, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi supported nematode diversity. Despite the fertility benefits provided by some exotic tree species, they were also associated with lower biodiversity and altered biotic interactions, raising concerns about their long-term ecological sustainability. This study emphasizes the multifaceted roles of tree species in regulating ecosystem processes and underscores the ecological trade-offs that arise when economically valuable exotic species are introduced into forest systems. Restoration strategies in the Atlantic Forest should prioritize native trees to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem resilience while balancing soil fertility goals. These findings provide a robust framework for integrating biodiversity conservation with soil functionality in tropical forest restoration and management.