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<p>Exotic invasive plants are frequently targeted by introduced insects as a strategy for biological control. The idea behind this approach is that herbivore damage reduces a plant’s fitness and competitive ability. Although some studies have explored the consequences of invasive plants re-associating with their enemies, little is known about the allelopathic potency of re-association with co-evolved generalist enemies, such as dodder. We investigated whether <i>Cuscuta gronovii</i> alters the metabolite profile of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> and modifies its allelopathic effects. We prepared aqueous extracts of <i>S. canadensis</i> with and without <i>C. gronovii</i> parasitism and tested their effects on the seed germination success of ten species co-occurring with Solidago in China, comprising five native and five invasive species. The aqueous extracts of <i>S. canadensis</i> negatively affected seed germination in both native and alien species. The invasive species were more strongly affected than the native species. Although responses varied among species to <i>S. canadensis</i> extracts with or without <i>C. gronovii</i> infection, <i>C. gronovii</i> had no significant overall effect on <i>S. canadensis</i> for either the native or the invasive test species. Subsequently, metabolomic analysis revealed that <i>C. gronovii</i> infection significantly up-regulated the tyrosine, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis pathways while down-regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Our results indicated that <i>S. canadensis</i> infected with <i>C. gronovii</i> appears to sacrifice the less critical pigment anthocyanin to fuel the synthesis of compounds that are crucial for structural reinforcement (e.g., tyrosine-derived lignin) as well as direct chemical defense and antioxidant activity (e.g., flavonoids).</p>

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Cuscuta parasitism alters the metabolome but not the allelopathic potency of invasive Solidago canadensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Ling Yuan,
  • Yana Wang,
  • Yitong Chen,
  • Junmin Li

摘要

Exotic invasive plants are frequently targeted by introduced insects as a strategy for biological control. The idea behind this approach is that herbivore damage reduces a plant’s fitness and competitive ability. Although some studies have explored the consequences of invasive plants re-associating with their enemies, little is known about the allelopathic potency of re-association with co-evolved generalist enemies, such as dodder. We investigated whether Cuscuta gronovii alters the metabolite profile of Solidago canadensis and modifies its allelopathic effects. We prepared aqueous extracts of S. canadensis with and without C. gronovii parasitism and tested their effects on the seed germination success of ten species co-occurring with Solidago in China, comprising five native and five invasive species. The aqueous extracts of S. canadensis negatively affected seed germination in both native and alien species. The invasive species were more strongly affected than the native species. Although responses varied among species to S. canadensis extracts with or without C. gronovii infection, C. gronovii had no significant overall effect on S. canadensis for either the native or the invasive test species. Subsequently, metabolomic analysis revealed that C. gronovii infection significantly up-regulated the tyrosine, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis pathways while down-regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Our results indicated that S. canadensis infected with C. gronovii appears to sacrifice the less critical pigment anthocyanin to fuel the synthesis of compounds that are crucial for structural reinforcement (e.g., tyrosine-derived lignin) as well as direct chemical defense and antioxidant activity (e.g., flavonoids).