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<p>Biological invasions can disrupt native host–parasitoid interactions by creating “evolutionary traps”, in which local parasitoids are attracted to and oviposit in invasive non-hosts, but fail to develop successfully. We investigated whether pirate parasitism, a form of kleptoparasitism, in which one parasitoid exploits host immune suppression induced by another, enables native parasitoids to escape such traps. Using laboratory assays, we examined responses of the Asian specialist parasitoid, <i>Cotesia kariyai</i>, (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to the invasive fall armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and tested its performance in single and multiparasitism with the generalist parasitoid, <i>Meteorus pulchricornis</i> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Female <i>C</i>. <i>kariyai</i> were attracted to <i>S. frugiperda</i>-infested plants and feces and frequently attempted oviposition, but no successful parasitism was observed, indicating that <i>S. frugiperda</i> represents an evolutionary trap for this specialist. In contrast, <i>M. pulchricornis</i> successfully parasitized <i>S. frugiperda</i>. Importantly, in multiparasitism, <i>C. kariyai</i> occasionally achieved successful development when ovipositing before or shortly after <i>M. pulchricornis</i>, and emerging offspring retained normal reproductive ability. These findings demonstrate that pirate parasitism can allow a local specialist parasitoid to escape an evolutionary trap imposed by an invasive non-host. Our study demonstrates that interspecific multiparasitism can mitigate the cost of biological invasions for native parasitoids and that it has implications for understanding host use, competition, and biological control in invaded ecosystems.</p>

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Pirate parasitism as a potential escape from evolutionary traps: experimental evidence from invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and native Asian parasitoids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Kota Takahashi,
  • Narisara Piyasaengthong,
  • Kazumu Kuramitsu

摘要

Biological invasions can disrupt native host–parasitoid interactions by creating “evolutionary traps”, in which local parasitoids are attracted to and oviposit in invasive non-hosts, but fail to develop successfully. We investigated whether pirate parasitism, a form of kleptoparasitism, in which one parasitoid exploits host immune suppression induced by another, enables native parasitoids to escape such traps. Using laboratory assays, we examined responses of the Asian specialist parasitoid, Cotesia kariyai, (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and tested its performance in single and multiparasitism with the generalist parasitoid, Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Female C. kariyai were attracted to S. frugiperda-infested plants and feces and frequently attempted oviposition, but no successful parasitism was observed, indicating that S. frugiperda represents an evolutionary trap for this specialist. In contrast, M. pulchricornis successfully parasitized S. frugiperda. Importantly, in multiparasitism, C. kariyai occasionally achieved successful development when ovipositing before or shortly after M. pulchricornis, and emerging offspring retained normal reproductive ability. These findings demonstrate that pirate parasitism can allow a local specialist parasitoid to escape an evolutionary trap imposed by an invasive non-host. Our study demonstrates that interspecific multiparasitism can mitigate the cost of biological invasions for native parasitoids and that it has implications for understanding host use, competition, and biological control in invaded ecosystems.