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<p>Over the last century, the Eurasian clonal aquatic plant <i>Butomus umbellatus</i> has invaded along the Canada-US border. While there appear to be three invasive diploid genotypes, previous genetic analyses have found almost no genotypic variation within or among introduced populations. Diploids from adventive populations produce numerous viable seed and asexual bulbils however, genetic evidence suggests a lack of successful seed recruitment. Here, we investigate two potential factors limiting sexual reproduction: (1) a climatic mismatch between the native and introduced ranges that impedes germination and seedling establishment in adventive populations; and (2) that rampant clonal spread renders sexual progeny highly inbred, inhibiting recruitment via inbreeding depression. Widespread genotypic uniformity was confirmed because progeny from experimental crosses both within populations, between populations and between the putatively different clonal genotypes were not superior to those from self-fertilization. In growth chambers, seedling germination was fastest at 30 and 35&#xa0;°C and highest at 30 °C, a temperature potentially experienced by populations in the native region where North American diploids likely originated, but much warmer than what adventive populations likely experience. Progeny produced through sexual recombination grew slower and produced fewer bulbils than the naturalized clonal genotypes from which they were derived under two water depths. Our results suggest that suboptimal conditions for germination combined with inbreeding depression expressed by sexual progeny contribute to the lack of sex in adventive populations. Management efforts should target bulbil production, limit the spread of <i>B. umbellatus</i> to warmer regions and prevent other diploid genotypes from becoming naturalized in North America.</p>

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Causes and consequences of widespread genotypic uniformity among populations of the invasive clonal aquatic plant Butomus umbellatus (Butomaceae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月26日

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  • Chloë Dean-Moore,
  • Christopher G. Eckert

摘要

Over the last century, the Eurasian clonal aquatic plant Butomus umbellatus has invaded along the Canada-US border. While there appear to be three invasive diploid genotypes, previous genetic analyses have found almost no genotypic variation within or among introduced populations. Diploids from adventive populations produce numerous viable seed and asexual bulbils however, genetic evidence suggests a lack of successful seed recruitment. Here, we investigate two potential factors limiting sexual reproduction: (1) a climatic mismatch between the native and introduced ranges that impedes germination and seedling establishment in adventive populations; and (2) that rampant clonal spread renders sexual progeny highly inbred, inhibiting recruitment via inbreeding depression. Widespread genotypic uniformity was confirmed because progeny from experimental crosses both within populations, between populations and between the putatively different clonal genotypes were not superior to those from self-fertilization. In growth chambers, seedling germination was fastest at 30 and 35 °C and highest at 30 °C, a temperature potentially experienced by populations in the native region where North American diploids likely originated, but much warmer than what adventive populations likely experience. Progeny produced through sexual recombination grew slower and produced fewer bulbils than the naturalized clonal genotypes from which they were derived under two water depths. Our results suggest that suboptimal conditions for germination combined with inbreeding depression expressed by sexual progeny contribute to the lack of sex in adventive populations. Management efforts should target bulbil production, limit the spread of B. umbellatus to warmer regions and prevent other diploid genotypes from becoming naturalized in North America.