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<p>Male infertility is a significant reproductive health concern, with genetic abnormalities such as chromosomal aberrations and Y-chromosome microdeletions contributing substantially to severe spermatogenic failure. This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions in infertile males from Eastern Uttar Pradesh using conventional karyotyping and quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR). A total of 134 infertile males were enrolled. Semen analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 6th edition guidelines. Peripheral blood samples were subjected to karyotyping, followed by Y-chromosome microdeletion analysis using QF-PCR in individuals with normal karyotypes. Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 23.1% of cases, with mosaic karyotypes accounting for approximately 18% of the total cohort. Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (46,XY/47,XXY) was the predominant abnormality, observed in 14.2% of cases. Among men with normal karyotypes (<i>n</i> = 103), Y-chromosome microdeletions were detected in 29% using the AZF v2 kit, mainly involving the AZFb and AZFc regions. Extended STS marker analysis further identified additional deletions in 31% of initially negative cases, including partial AZFc and AZFa-associated deletions, thereby significantly improving the overall diagnostic yield. These findings highlight the importance of a combined cytogenetic and molecular approach for the genetic evaluation of male infertility. While karyotyping remains essential for detecting large chromosomal abnormalities, extended STS-based molecular screening enhances diagnostic yield, particularly in resource-limited clinical settings.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Combined Approach: Karyotyping and QF-PCR for Comprehensive Genetic Screening in Male Infertility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Pooja Dubey,
  • Sameer Trivedi,
  • Nitish Kumar Singh,
  • Abhay Kumar Yadav,
  • Ashish,
  • Nargis Khanam,
  • Janhavi Yadav,
  • Surbhi Singh,
  • Shraddha Chaurasiya,
  • Royana Singh

摘要

Male infertility is a significant reproductive health concern, with genetic abnormalities such as chromosomal aberrations and Y-chromosome microdeletions contributing substantially to severe spermatogenic failure. This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions in infertile males from Eastern Uttar Pradesh using conventional karyotyping and quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR). A total of 134 infertile males were enrolled. Semen analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 6th edition guidelines. Peripheral blood samples were subjected to karyotyping, followed by Y-chromosome microdeletion analysis using QF-PCR in individuals with normal karyotypes. Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 23.1% of cases, with mosaic karyotypes accounting for approximately 18% of the total cohort. Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (46,XY/47,XXY) was the predominant abnormality, observed in 14.2% of cases. Among men with normal karyotypes (n = 103), Y-chromosome microdeletions were detected in 29% using the AZF v2 kit, mainly involving the AZFb and AZFc regions. Extended STS marker analysis further identified additional deletions in 31% of initially negative cases, including partial AZFc and AZFa-associated deletions, thereby significantly improving the overall diagnostic yield. These findings highlight the importance of a combined cytogenetic and molecular approach for the genetic evaluation of male infertility. While karyotyping remains essential for detecting large chromosomal abnormalities, extended STS-based molecular screening enhances diagnostic yield, particularly in resource-limited clinical settings.

Graphical Abstract