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<p>Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the selectivity of selected chemical insecticides, specifically spirotetramat 15.31 OD (oil dispersion) and flupyradifurone 17.09 SL (soluble liquid), as well as of&#xa0;the entomopathogenic fungus, <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> (Wize) Kepler, B. Shrestha &amp; Spatafora (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), strain ICAR-NBAIR Pfu-5 on the parasitoid <i>Encarsia guadeloupae</i> Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and on the predator <i>Apertochrysa astur</i> (Banks) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). <i>E. guadeloupae</i> and <i>A. astur</i> are the potential natural enemies of the invasive rugose spiralling whitefly, <i>Aleurodicus rugioperculatus</i> Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). These assessments were performed using both the individual recommended doses and combinations of sub-lethal doses during May–July 2023 in coconut plantations. In the experiments conducted, the combination of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> at 2.5 ml&#xa0;l<sup>−1</sup> with spirotetramat 15.31 OD at 0.6 ml&#xa0;l<sup>−1</sup> was found to be&#xa0;safe for <i>E. guadeloupae</i> parasitism, exhibiting a reduction of 11.00 % compared to the control, and was classified as harmless (IOBC toxicity class&#xa0;I insecticide) according to IOBC protocols. Additionally, field studies on the emergence of <i>E. guadeloupae</i> adults from <i>A. rugioperculatus</i> nymphs, exposed to all tested insecticides, indicated that <i>C. fumosorosea</i> alone and in combination with spirotetramat were the safest, achieving maximum adult emergence rates of 85.98 and 85.61 %, respectively, and was classified as harmless (IOBC toxicity class&#xa0;I insecticide). Furthermore, this combination was found to be safer for <i>A. astur</i>, with a reduction in larvae of 18.78 % over the control and was classified as harmless (IOBC toxicity class&#xa0;I insecticide). This compatibility information is valuable for the development of eco-friendly integrated pest management strategies against the rugose spiralling whitefly in coconut plantations.</p>

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Selectivity of few chemical insecticides and entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps fumosorosea on the parasitoid Encarsia guadeloupae and on the predator Apertochrysa astur in coconut

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月22日

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  • Rakshith H.S,
  • Jayalaxmi Narayan Hegde,
  • Sumalatha B.V,
  • Selvaraj K,
  • Rajashekarappa K,
  • Ganesha Naik R,
  • Thippesha D

摘要

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the selectivity of selected chemical insecticides, specifically spirotetramat 15.31 OD (oil dispersion) and flupyradifurone 17.09 SL (soluble liquid), as well as of the entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps fumosorosea (Wize) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), strain ICAR-NBAIR Pfu-5 on the parasitoid Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and on the predator Apertochrysa astur (Banks) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). E. guadeloupae and A. astur are the potential natural enemies of the invasive rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). These assessments were performed using both the individual recommended doses and combinations of sub-lethal doses during May–July 2023 in coconut plantations. In the experiments conducted, the combination of C. fumosorosea at 2.5 ml l−1 with spirotetramat 15.31 OD at 0.6 ml l−1 was found to be safe for E. guadeloupae parasitism, exhibiting a reduction of 11.00 % compared to the control, and was classified as harmless (IOBC toxicity class I insecticide) according to IOBC protocols. Additionally, field studies on the emergence of E. guadeloupae adults from A. rugioperculatus nymphs, exposed to all tested insecticides, indicated that C. fumosorosea alone and in combination with spirotetramat were the safest, achieving maximum adult emergence rates of 85.98 and 85.61 %, respectively, and was classified as harmless (IOBC toxicity class I insecticide). Furthermore, this combination was found to be safer for A. astur, with a reduction in larvae of 18.78 % over the control and was classified as harmless (IOBC toxicity class I insecticide). This compatibility information is valuable for the development of eco-friendly integrated pest management strategies against the rugose spiralling whitefly in coconut plantations.