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<p>The soybean gall midge, <i>Resseliella maxima</i> Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), feeds on soybean, <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merrill (Fabales: Fabaceae), causing significant injury and yield losses. <i>Pterostichus melanarius</i> Illiger (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a generalist predator introduced to North America, has been reported to prey on <i>R. maxima</i> larvae under laboratory conditions. Understanding the feeding preference of <i>P. melanarius</i> on different prey life stages is important to evaluate its role in the biological control of <i>R. maxima</i>. Three laboratory experiments were conducted to assess predatory behaviors. In a no-choice test, <i>P. melanarius</i> adults fed on both <i>R. maxima</i> free (i.e., not cocooned) larvae and cocooned larvae, showing significant differences in prey consumption between <i>R. maxima</i> developmental stages over time. A choice test revealed a preference of <i>P. melanarius</i> adults for free larvae over cocooned larvae within the first hour, although this preference was not significant after 24&#xa0;h. In an experiment examining the effect of soil on predation rates, <i>P. melanarius</i> adults consumed larvae and cocooned pupae placed either without soil, on the soil surface, or at a 1&#xa0;cm depth, and predation rates were influenced by prey stage and the presence and depth of soil. These findings indicate that <i>P. melanarius</i> adults can feed on cocooned life stages, but that the presence of soil may hinder predation.</p>

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Predation of Pterostichus melanarius on cocoons of soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Regina S. Stacke,
  • Sarah C. von Gries,
  • Arthur V. Ribeiro,
  • Pheylan A. Anderson,
  • Amelia R. I. Lindsey,
  • Robert L. Koch

摘要

The soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), feeds on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabales: Fabaceae), causing significant injury and yield losses. Pterostichus melanarius Illiger (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a generalist predator introduced to North America, has been reported to prey on R. maxima larvae under laboratory conditions. Understanding the feeding preference of P. melanarius on different prey life stages is important to evaluate its role in the biological control of R. maxima. Three laboratory experiments were conducted to assess predatory behaviors. In a no-choice test, P. melanarius adults fed on both R. maxima free (i.e., not cocooned) larvae and cocooned larvae, showing significant differences in prey consumption between R. maxima developmental stages over time. A choice test revealed a preference of P. melanarius adults for free larvae over cocooned larvae within the first hour, although this preference was not significant after 24 h. In an experiment examining the effect of soil on predation rates, P. melanarius adults consumed larvae and cocooned pupae placed either without soil, on the soil surface, or at a 1 cm depth, and predation rates were influenced by prey stage and the presence and depth of soil. These findings indicate that P. melanarius adults can feed on cocooned life stages, but that the presence of soil may hinder predation.