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<p>Biological control for invasive knotweed species (<i>Reynoutria</i> spp., Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae) was initiated in the USA in 2020 with the federally approved introduction of the psyllid <i>Aphalara itadori</i> Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae). Native to Japan, this sap-sucking insect is host-specific to <i>Reynoutria</i> spp. We followed the fate of 31 releases of two strains of <i>A. itadori</i> (Hokkaido and Kyushu) made into eight US&#xa0;states in the spring of 2020. We used timed searches throughout the growing season to quantify changes in population densities through time. By the end of the first summer, most of the populations could no longer be detected. Overwintered adult <i>A. itadori</i> were found at four sites in the spring of 2021 (in Oregon and Washington) and at two sites in the spring of 2022 (both in Oregon). However, these populations subsequently also dropped below detection level. At a subset of sites, we followed cohorts of eggs on focal shoots through their development. Nymphal survival was extremely low and appears to be insufficient for population maintenance. Efforts to establish <i>A. itadori</i> are ongoing and at least one release made in 2022 appears to be established and growing. Improved outcomes may result from the increasing number of release sites, different release methods, and the use of a new strain of <i>A. itadori</i> from Murakami, Japan. While the results from the first year of releases are disappointing, a final assessment of this biocontrol agent’s ability to establish and impact introduced <i>Reynoutria</i> spp. in North America is forthcoming.</p>

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Limited establishment from widespread releases of the knotweed psyllid Aphalara itadori, a biological control agent for knotweeds in the USA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月9日

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  • Fritzi S. Grevstad,
  • Jeremy C. Andersen,
  • Nancy C. Oderkirk,
  • Jennifer Andreas,
  • Lisa Tewksbury,
  • Cynthia Detweiler,
  • Joel Price,
  • Bernd Blossey,
  • Richard Reardon

摘要

Biological control for invasive knotweed species (Reynoutria spp., Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae) was initiated in the USA in 2020 with the federally approved introduction of the psyllid Aphalara itadori Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae). Native to Japan, this sap-sucking insect is host-specific to Reynoutria spp. We followed the fate of 31 releases of two strains of A. itadori (Hokkaido and Kyushu) made into eight US states in the spring of 2020. We used timed searches throughout the growing season to quantify changes in population densities through time. By the end of the first summer, most of the populations could no longer be detected. Overwintered adult A. itadori were found at four sites in the spring of 2021 (in Oregon and Washington) and at two sites in the spring of 2022 (both in Oregon). However, these populations subsequently also dropped below detection level. At a subset of sites, we followed cohorts of eggs on focal shoots through their development. Nymphal survival was extremely low and appears to be insufficient for population maintenance. Efforts to establish A. itadori are ongoing and at least one release made in 2022 appears to be established and growing. Improved outcomes may result from the increasing number of release sites, different release methods, and the use of a new strain of A. itadori from Murakami, Japan. While the results from the first year of releases are disappointing, a final assessment of this biocontrol agent’s ability to establish and impact introduced Reynoutria spp. in North America is forthcoming.