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<p>Despite growing recognition of the role played by spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in biological control, few studies have explored the effectiveness of releasing spiders in agroecosystems. In this study, we examined the effects of releasing two spiders—<i>Cheiracanthium mildei</i> L. Koch (Cheiracanthiidae) and <i>Clubiona leucaspis</i> Simon (Clubionidae)—known to prey on the codling moth, <i>Cydia pomonella</i> L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Releases took place in the winter (December 2015) in an apple orchard. Spider and codling moth numbers were assessed twice a year in 2016 and 2017 using corrugated cardboard traps. We observed a greater than three-fold increase in the abundances of <i>C. mildei</i> and <i>C. leucaspis</i> in the spring of 2016 (compared to 2014 and 2015). However, in 2017, one year after the spiders were released, their abundances fell to pre-release levels. Using innovative artificial shelters, we observed the abundances of both spider species at a finer temporal scale (every week or every two weeks in 2016 and 2017). There were two and three distinct peaks in abundance for <i>C. leucaspis</i> and <i>C. mildei</i>, respectively. Once again, one year after the spiders were released, their abundances fell to around pre-release levels. There was a significant negative correlation in 2016 between the abundance of <i>C. mildei</i> and that of codling moth larvae. There was no correlation in 2017 or between the moth and other key predators (i.e., other spider species or earwigs). These findings indicate certain agrobiont spiders can be released in apple orchards but that their presence may be transient. Spiders would need to be released annually for this method to be effectively applied by growers.</p>

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Controlling populations of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella): feasibility and efficacy of releasing two spider species (Cheiracanthium mildei and Clubiona leucaspis) in the winter

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Sadeq Alzubik Belkair,
  • Alain Pasquet,
  • Yvan Capowiez,
  • Hazem Dib

摘要

Despite growing recognition of the role played by spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in biological control, few studies have explored the effectiveness of releasing spiders in agroecosystems. In this study, we examined the effects of releasing two spiders—Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch (Cheiracanthiidae) and Clubiona leucaspis Simon (Clubionidae)—known to prey on the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Releases took place in the winter (December 2015) in an apple orchard. Spider and codling moth numbers were assessed twice a year in 2016 and 2017 using corrugated cardboard traps. We observed a greater than three-fold increase in the abundances of C. mildei and C. leucaspis in the spring of 2016 (compared to 2014 and 2015). However, in 2017, one year after the spiders were released, their abundances fell to pre-release levels. Using innovative artificial shelters, we observed the abundances of both spider species at a finer temporal scale (every week or every two weeks in 2016 and 2017). There were two and three distinct peaks in abundance for C. leucaspis and C. mildei, respectively. Once again, one year after the spiders were released, their abundances fell to around pre-release levels. There was a significant negative correlation in 2016 between the abundance of C. mildei and that of codling moth larvae. There was no correlation in 2017 or between the moth and other key predators (i.e., other spider species or earwigs). These findings indicate certain agrobiont spiders can be released in apple orchards but that their presence may be transient. Spiders would need to be released annually for this method to be effectively applied by growers.