Post-earthquake recovery of reinforced concrete buildings in India: hybrid framework and application
摘要
India, one of the world’s most seismically active regions, has endured losses from earthquakes, underscoring the need for robust earthquake risk management. Existing post-earthquake recovery frameworks estimate repair costs and downtime using region-specific vulnerability/fragility functions and often overlook the socioeconomic and impeding factors. This study introduces a novel, hybrid framework to assess the post-earthquake recovery of reinforced-concrete moment resisting frames in India. The study integrates existing strain-based seismic damage estimation at component and building scales and quantifies repair cost, downtime, and recovery trajectories. Repair cost and downtime estimates are drawn from consultations with structural repair engineers and impeding factors derived from historical earthquakes. The framework is demonstrated on four- and eight-story reinforced-concrete moment-resisting frames with varying configurations under multiple recovery constraints. The results show that, for four-story moment resisting frames, mean repair costs are 8%, 11%, and 16% of replacement cost for ‘minor’, ‘moderate’, and ‘severe’ damage states, respectively, which increase to 11%, 16%, and 24% for eight-story moment resisting frames. Downtime estimates based on single-worker allocation per floor under parallel and sequential repair strategies range from 1.45–1.77 years (‘minor’) to 1.99–2.78 years (‘severe’) for four-story archetypes, and from 1.70–3.56 years (‘minor’) to 2.46–6.75 years (‘severe’) for eight-story archetypes, incorporating delays from inspections, mobilization, administration, and approvals. The proposed framework guides policymakers and engineers to assess and optimize earthquake preparedness and resilience in India, considering structural and socioeconomic dimensions of recovery.