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<p>Dry-stacked masonry is a sustainable and cost-effective housing method, especially in developing countries where construction often occurs gradually during extended periods due to financial constraints. This study aims to investigate the in-plane shear behavior of interlocking core block masonry under varying axial compressive loads. Eighteen prisms and twelve walls were tested under six confined loads representing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of the ultimate compressive load. The behavior analyzed includes load-displacement, stress-strain responses, and damage patterns. The results show that at lower compressive load ratios (10% to 20%), the in-plane shear capacity is primarily governed by mechanical interlocking, with limited friction mobilization. Shear strength increases significantly at moderate load ratios (30% to 50%) due to enhanced frictional resistance and interlock engagement. At a high compression level (60%), the shear strength decreased by 16% compared to the 50% load ratio and only a 6% improvement in strength compared to the 40% load ratio, which can be attributed to the rapid propagation of the unit block’s initial cracking caused by the higher confined stress. The failure mode was characterized by sliding at lower ratios, while diagonal cracking became prominent at moderate to high confined load ratios. These findings highlight the substantial influence of axial loading on shear capacity, supporting implementation in developing countries vulnerable to earthquakes.</p>

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Experimental investigation of the shear performance of interlocking dry-joint masonry walls under varying ratios of the ultimate compressive load

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Abdoulaye Karembe,
  • David Otieno Koteng,
  • Naftary Gathimba,
  • Raphael N. Mutuku

摘要

Dry-stacked masonry is a sustainable and cost-effective housing method, especially in developing countries where construction often occurs gradually during extended periods due to financial constraints. This study aims to investigate the in-plane shear behavior of interlocking core block masonry under varying axial compressive loads. Eighteen prisms and twelve walls were tested under six confined loads representing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of the ultimate compressive load. The behavior analyzed includes load-displacement, stress-strain responses, and damage patterns. The results show that at lower compressive load ratios (10% to 20%), the in-plane shear capacity is primarily governed by mechanical interlocking, with limited friction mobilization. Shear strength increases significantly at moderate load ratios (30% to 50%) due to enhanced frictional resistance and interlock engagement. At a high compression level (60%), the shear strength decreased by 16% compared to the 50% load ratio and only a 6% improvement in strength compared to the 40% load ratio, which can be attributed to the rapid propagation of the unit block’s initial cracking caused by the higher confined stress. The failure mode was characterized by sliding at lower ratios, while diagonal cracking became prominent at moderate to high confined load ratios. These findings highlight the substantial influence of axial loading on shear capacity, supporting implementation in developing countries vulnerable to earthquakes.