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<p>Large-scale shaking table tests were performed on a physical model of an anti-dip layered rock slope to investigate its seismic response after heavy rainfall. The coupled rainfall-earthquake loading produced a progressive three-stage failure process: rainfall erosion and infiltration weakened the lithology and exposed bedrock; moderate shaking initiated tensile cracking along bedding and joints; stronger shaking led to crack coalescence, formation of a rear collapse zone and step-like fractures reaching the slope face, ultimately causing toppling toward the free face. Peak ground acceleration showed a pronounced elevation effect, with crest amplification factors exceeding 10 and exhibiting an amplification-degradation turning point around 0.8&#xa0;g. Pore-water pressure responses were highly non-uniform: at drainage-limited locations amplification factors of about 3-4 coincided in time and space with internal cracking and rear-edge collapse, whereas well-drained zones showed only small, short-lived excess pressures. Hilbert-Huang analyses revealed elevation-dependent amplification of seismic energy and a rainfall-induced shift from broadband response to low-frequency dominance as damage accumulated. These results highlight acceleration amplification, localised pore-pressure build-up and spectral softening as potential indicators for instability of rainfall-conditioned anti-dip slopes under strong shaking.</p>

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Investigation of post-rainfall dynamic behavior of anti-dip layered rock slope through shaking table tests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Ping Hu,
  • DeGou Cai,
  • XianQing Xu,
  • HongYe Yan,
  • JunKai Yao,
  • TaiFeng Li

摘要

Large-scale shaking table tests were performed on a physical model of an anti-dip layered rock slope to investigate its seismic response after heavy rainfall. The coupled rainfall-earthquake loading produced a progressive three-stage failure process: rainfall erosion and infiltration weakened the lithology and exposed bedrock; moderate shaking initiated tensile cracking along bedding and joints; stronger shaking led to crack coalescence, formation of a rear collapse zone and step-like fractures reaching the slope face, ultimately causing toppling toward the free face. Peak ground acceleration showed a pronounced elevation effect, with crest amplification factors exceeding 10 and exhibiting an amplification-degradation turning point around 0.8 g. Pore-water pressure responses were highly non-uniform: at drainage-limited locations amplification factors of about 3-4 coincided in time and space with internal cracking and rear-edge collapse, whereas well-drained zones showed only small, short-lived excess pressures. Hilbert-Huang analyses revealed elevation-dependent amplification of seismic energy and a rainfall-induced shift from broadband response to low-frequency dominance as damage accumulated. These results highlight acceleration amplification, localised pore-pressure build-up and spectral softening as potential indicators for instability of rainfall-conditioned anti-dip slopes under strong shaking.