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<p>This study investigates the influence of fire on the dynamic behavior of historical masonry mosques and examines the seismic implications of fire-induced changes in modal characteristics. The Hacı Kasım Mosque in Trabzon, featuring stone masonry walls and timber interior elements, was selected as a representative case study. A hybrid analysis framework was employed, beginning with operational modal analysis (OMA) to obtain experimental data, followed by calibration of the finite element (FE) model using these results (with MAC &gt; 0.89 for the first three modes). A two-hour fire scenario conforming to the ISO 834 standard was simulated, and the temperature distribution in critical regions was determined through transient heat transfer analyses in ANSYS. Temperature-dependent reductions in the modulus of elasticity were incorporated into the post-fire model using Eurocode 2 reduction factors, after which modal analyses were conducted. Comparative assessments revealed a 10–15% reduction in natural frequencies, up to a 60% decrease in mass participation ratios in higher modes, and the emergence of localized vibration modes concentrated in fire-affected regions, indicating that fire-induced stiffness degradation not only alters the global dynamic characteristics but also amplifies localized seismic vulnerability. These findings highlight that conventional post-fire restoration practices may be insufficient to ensure the safety of historical structures and emphasize the urgent need for performance-based conservation strategies.</p>

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Fire-induced changes in modal behavior and seismic implications for historical masonry mosques

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • İrfan Kocaman,
  • Burak Kaan Çırpıcı,
  • Ömer Mercimek

摘要

This study investigates the influence of fire on the dynamic behavior of historical masonry mosques and examines the seismic implications of fire-induced changes in modal characteristics. The Hacı Kasım Mosque in Trabzon, featuring stone masonry walls and timber interior elements, was selected as a representative case study. A hybrid analysis framework was employed, beginning with operational modal analysis (OMA) to obtain experimental data, followed by calibration of the finite element (FE) model using these results (with MAC > 0.89 for the first three modes). A two-hour fire scenario conforming to the ISO 834 standard was simulated, and the temperature distribution in critical regions was determined through transient heat transfer analyses in ANSYS. Temperature-dependent reductions in the modulus of elasticity were incorporated into the post-fire model using Eurocode 2 reduction factors, after which modal analyses were conducted. Comparative assessments revealed a 10–15% reduction in natural frequencies, up to a 60% decrease in mass participation ratios in higher modes, and the emergence of localized vibration modes concentrated in fire-affected regions, indicating that fire-induced stiffness degradation not only alters the global dynamic characteristics but also amplifies localized seismic vulnerability. These findings highlight that conventional post-fire restoration practices may be insufficient to ensure the safety of historical structures and emphasize the urgent need for performance-based conservation strategies.