<p>We studied changes in estradiol and testosterone concentrations in the peripheral blood plasma of female rats at different time points (14 and 28 days) following the induction of maxillofacial pain syndrome via intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate into the temporomandibular joint. It was found that rats with pain syndrome exhibited higher plasma estradiol levels in comparison with those in both passive control groups (on days 14 and 28) and active control group (on day 28). On day 28, testosterone levels in the experimental animals were lower than in rats that received saline solution. These findings suggest that the most pronounced alterations in the levels of sex hormones occur at later stages of experimental pain syndrome development. The results highlight the temporal characteristics of hormonal mechanisms underlying the implementation of adaptive and compensatory processes under conditions of prolonged pain.</p>