<p>Endogenous immunotropic factors that promote the development of non-infectious inflammation can act as pathogenetic targets in the development of new agents for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nucleotide motifs circulating in the blood can activate the immune system, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its vascular complications. We studied the effect of isoflavones extracted from red clover flowers (<i>Trifolium pratense</i>) on the plasma levels of extracellular nucleic acids and histone proteins in rats with a model of T2DM. It was shown that oral administration of isoflavones for 1 month to animals with diabetes reduced the plasma content of extracellular DNA and histones, which was accompanied by restoration of the number of granulocytes and alleviation of glycemia.</p>