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<p>The structure of the nucleoid observed after standard aldehyde fixation did not correspond to modern ideas about its spatial organization: DNA strands are not seen in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and appear stuck together (2-15 nm) in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The Ryter–Kellenberger (RK) fixation involving incubation in 1 % osmium tetroxide (pH 6.0) followed by 0.5 % uranyl acetate (pH 3.0) effectively preserves DNA strands (2 nm). The RK method also revealed additional details of the envelope structure in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, ribosomes, observed as spherical particles in aldehyde-fixed samples, were not visualized in the cytoplasm of <i>S. aureus</i> after RK fixation. The study provided a new information on the ultrastructure of bacteria, which is necessary for understanding the mechanisms of antibacterial compounds effects.</p>

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Fixation Method Determines the Ultrastructure of the Nucleoid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • A. E. Grigor’eva,
  • E. S. Ryabova,
  • A. V. Tupitsyna,
  • A. V. Bardasheva,
  • E. I. Ryabchikova

摘要

The structure of the nucleoid observed after standard aldehyde fixation did not correspond to modern ideas about its spatial organization: DNA strands are not seen in Staphylococcus aureus and appear stuck together (2-15 nm) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Ryter–Kellenberger (RK) fixation involving incubation in 1 % osmium tetroxide (pH 6.0) followed by 0.5 % uranyl acetate (pH 3.0) effectively preserves DNA strands (2 nm). The RK method also revealed additional details of the envelope structure in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, ribosomes, observed as spherical particles in aldehyde-fixed samples, were not visualized in the cytoplasm of S. aureus after RK fixation. The study provided a new information on the ultrastructure of bacteria, which is necessary for understanding the mechanisms of antibacterial compounds effects.