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<p>We studied the expression of checkpoint molecules in monocyte subsets and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MS) and the effect of homeostatic cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15) on the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and Tim-3/Galectin-9 by myeloid cells. Monocytes and M-MS were shown to express PD-1 and Tim-3, and the proportions of PD-1<sup>+</sup> monocytes and M-MS increased in multiple myeloma patients. Homeostatic cytokines enhanced the expression of inhibitory receptors (especially PD-1) by donor myeloid cells, the greatest effect was observed in M-MS. In addition, homeostatic cytokines increased PD-L1 expression in CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>–</sup> monocytes and M-MS, and Galectin-9 in M-MS. Increased expression of checkpoint molecules by myeloid cells under the stimulation of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 is discussed as a feedback mechanism of T-cell homeostatic proliferation induced by lymphopenia.</p>

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“Homeostatic” Cytokines Enhance the Expression of PD-1, Tim-3, and Their Ligands on Myeloid Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • O. Yu. Leplina,
  • M. A. Tikhonova,
  • E. V. Batorov,
  • T. V. Tyrinova,
  • E. R. Chernykh

摘要

We studied the expression of checkpoint molecules in monocyte subsets and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MS) and the effect of homeostatic cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15) on the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and Tim-3/Galectin-9 by myeloid cells. Monocytes and M-MS were shown to express PD-1 and Tim-3, and the proportions of PD-1+ monocytes and M-MS increased in multiple myeloma patients. Homeostatic cytokines enhanced the expression of inhibitory receptors (especially PD-1) by donor myeloid cells, the greatest effect was observed in M-MS. In addition, homeostatic cytokines increased PD-L1 expression in CD14+CD16– monocytes and M-MS, and Galectin-9 in M-MS. Increased expression of checkpoint molecules by myeloid cells under the stimulation of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 is discussed as a feedback mechanism of T-cell homeostatic proliferation induced by lymphopenia.