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<p><i>Background:</i> In the Russian Federation, immediate dismantling was adopted as the main option for decommissioning nuclear power plants (NPPs) with RBMK-1000 reactors. Units No.&#xa0;1 and&#xa0;2 of the Leningrad NPP (Sosnovy Bor, Russian Federation) are the first of 11&#xa0;units with RBMK-1000 reactors to be decommissioned in the coming decades.</p><p><i>Aim:</i> To summarize and present the results of developing the technological solutions for handling the dismantled equipment of RBMK-1000 reactors at Leningrad NPP units No.&#xa0;1 and&#xa0;2 decommissioned by immediate dismantling in two stages: pre-dismantling and dismantling.</p><p><i>Materials and methods:</i> A&#xa0;total of 3312 t of waste from one unit is planned to be dismantled and sent for processing and disposal in 8&#xa0;years of the pre-dismantling stage, followed by 17,106 t, including 3078 and 483 t of intermediate- and high-level waste, respectively, in the next 20&#xa0;years at the stage of dismantling. Technological solutions for handling dismantled equipment were developed using automated remote control and robotics complexes.</p><p><i>Results:</i> The safety of personnel handling materials of intermediate- and high-activity levels is ensured using remotely controlled robotic sites for fragmentation of equipment, placement of fragments in containers, decontamination of formed packages, and measurement of their characteristics before shipment. Estimated total capacity of equipment fragmentation and packaging sites is 5.4 t per shift; decontamination and container fingerprint assume a&#xa0;capacity of up to 12 t per shift.</p><p><i>Conclusion:</i> A&#xa0;project for decommissioning RBMK-1000 NPPs by immediate dismantling is being developed for the first time. Project implementation requires a&#xa0;significant number of robotics. Taking into account the analysis of domestic and foreign experience, as well as the calculated justification for the safe handling of the removed equipment, the project provides for the use of remotely controlled equipment. The publication “Development of technological solutions for decommissioning equipment and systems of separate rooms in the units No.&#xa0;1 and&#xa0;2 of the Leningrad NPP. Part&#xa0;2” will provide a&#xa0;summary of the results on the development of technological solutions for dismantling the main equipment of the RBMK-1000 reactor plant, including the reactor, steam drums, and water pipelines.</p>

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Development of technological solutions for decommissioning equipment and systems of separate rooms in units no. 1 and 2 of the Leningrad NPP. Part 1

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • A. N. Biryukov,
  • A. V. Zhmakin,
  • L. A. Andreyeva,
  • F. E. Yermoshin,
  • E. M. Yakunin,
  • D. V. Bakulin,
  • F. T. Morozov,
  • N. M. Sidorov

摘要

Background: In the Russian Federation, immediate dismantling was adopted as the main option for decommissioning nuclear power plants (NPPs) with RBMK-1000 reactors. Units No. 1 and 2 of the Leningrad NPP (Sosnovy Bor, Russian Federation) are the first of 11 units with RBMK-1000 reactors to be decommissioned in the coming decades.

Aim: To summarize and present the results of developing the technological solutions for handling the dismantled equipment of RBMK-1000 reactors at Leningrad NPP units No. 1 and 2 decommissioned by immediate dismantling in two stages: pre-dismantling and dismantling.

Materials and methods: A total of 3312 t of waste from one unit is planned to be dismantled and sent for processing and disposal in 8 years of the pre-dismantling stage, followed by 17,106 t, including 3078 and 483 t of intermediate- and high-level waste, respectively, in the next 20 years at the stage of dismantling. Technological solutions for handling dismantled equipment were developed using automated remote control and robotics complexes.

Results: The safety of personnel handling materials of intermediate- and high-activity levels is ensured using remotely controlled robotic sites for fragmentation of equipment, placement of fragments in containers, decontamination of formed packages, and measurement of their characteristics before shipment. Estimated total capacity of equipment fragmentation and packaging sites is 5.4 t per shift; decontamination and container fingerprint assume a capacity of up to 12 t per shift.

Conclusion: A project for decommissioning RBMK-1000 NPPs by immediate dismantling is being developed for the first time. Project implementation requires a significant number of robotics. Taking into account the analysis of domestic and foreign experience, as well as the calculated justification for the safe handling of the removed equipment, the project provides for the use of remotely controlled equipment. The publication “Development of technological solutions for decommissioning equipment and systems of separate rooms in the units No. 1 and 2 of the Leningrad NPP. Part 2” will provide a summary of the results on the development of technological solutions for dismantling the main equipment of the RBMK-1000 reactor plant, including the reactor, steam drums, and water pipelines.