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Background <p>Improving the safety of nuclear power plants with water-water (VVER) reactors requires the development of passive heat removal systems (PHRSs), especially for complete blackout conditions. An important aspect of the research is the simulation of PHRS operation at different values of a&#xa0;decay heat flux. Integration of absorption refrigerators (ARs) into the PHRS is promising for increasing the efficiency of heat removal.</p> Aim <p>To simulate the PHRS operating in integration with ARs and to assess the increase in the energy efficiency and safety of the VVER-1000 reactor in emergency conditions.</p> Materials and methods <p>The object of study is the PHRS: the number of its channels (two 8 MW each) is selected based on the single failure criterion for assessing the system performance in the conditions of partial degradation. The mathematical simulation of the PHRS under severe conditions including the failure of active safety systems, which corresponds to an accident with the loss of most energy sources, the equations of core heat balance (core), used natural circulation of the coolant and decay heat. Initial conditions for calculations included the coolant temperature of 60–200 °C and pressure of 6.0 MPa.</p> Results <p>The basic PHRS configuration (2×8 MW) fails to provide sufficient heat removal at a&#xa0;decay heat of more than 50 MW: in the first 2 h, a&#xa0;shortage of cooling to 40 MW is observed due to the inertia of starting natural circulation and a&#xa0;limited heat exchange area of 800 m<sup>2</sup>, which leads to an increase in the fuel temperature to 900 °C in 1.5 h.</p> Conclusion <p>Insufficient PHRS power was confirmed. Additional safety systems are required for VVER reactors, especially under blackout. The simulation of AR operation in the PHRS and the impact of ARs on the system performance, accident development time, and core heating dynamics will be presented in the publication “Simulation of an absorption refrigerator operated in the passive heat removal system of a&#xa0;nuclear reactor. Part&#xa0;2”.</p>

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Simulation of an absorption refrigerator operated in the passive heat removal system of a nuclear reactor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • A. I. Andreev,
  • A. E. Semenov

摘要

Background

Improving the safety of nuclear power plants with water-water (VVER) reactors requires the development of passive heat removal systems (PHRSs), especially for complete blackout conditions. An important aspect of the research is the simulation of PHRS operation at different values of a decay heat flux. Integration of absorption refrigerators (ARs) into the PHRS is promising for increasing the efficiency of heat removal.

Aim

To simulate the PHRS operating in integration with ARs and to assess the increase in the energy efficiency and safety of the VVER-1000 reactor in emergency conditions.

Materials and methods

The object of study is the PHRS: the number of its channels (two 8 MW each) is selected based on the single failure criterion for assessing the system performance in the conditions of partial degradation. The mathematical simulation of the PHRS under severe conditions including the failure of active safety systems, which corresponds to an accident with the loss of most energy sources, the equations of core heat balance (core), used natural circulation of the coolant and decay heat. Initial conditions for calculations included the coolant temperature of 60–200 °C and pressure of 6.0 MPa.

Results

The basic PHRS configuration (2×8 MW) fails to provide sufficient heat removal at a decay heat of more than 50 MW: in the first 2 h, a shortage of cooling to 40 MW is observed due to the inertia of starting natural circulation and a limited heat exchange area of 800 m2, which leads to an increase in the fuel temperature to 900 °C in 1.5 h.

Conclusion

Insufficient PHRS power was confirmed. Additional safety systems are required for VVER reactors, especially under blackout. The simulation of AR operation in the PHRS and the impact of ARs on the system performance, accident development time, and core heating dynamics will be presented in the publication “Simulation of an absorption refrigerator operated in the passive heat removal system of a nuclear reactor. Part 2”.