<p>We study the effects of pair creation on the radiation emerging from black holes under the assumption that the magnetic fields are vortex driven. In particular, for a sufficiently broad range of supermassive black holes, we investigated the energies at which photons undergo decay under the influence of a strong magnetic field, producing electron-positron pairs. Depending on particular physical parameters, it has been shown that in certain scenarios high or very high energy emission generated by black holes will be strongly suppressed, thus, will be unable to escape a zone where radiation is generated. In particular, photons with energies exceeding <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10509_2025_4509_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> GeV</mtext> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\sim 1\text{ GeV}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> will never leave the magnetosphere if they are generated at the scale 10<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10509_2025_4509_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$R_{g}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the threshold is of the order of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10509_2025_4509_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> TeV</mtext> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1\text{ TeV}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, if the emission is produced at <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10509_2025_4509_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\sim 100\; R_{g}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Analysing the process versus the black hole mass, assuming the region <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10509_2025_4509_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>100</mn> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$100\; R_{g}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, it has been shown that for the considered lowest mass, the photons with energies <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10509_2025_4509_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>250</mn> <mtext> GeV</mtext> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$250\text{ GeV}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> will never leave the black hole and for the considered highest mass the corresponding value is <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10509_2025_4509_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>250</mn> <mtext> TeV</mtext> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\sim 250\text{ TeV}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

Pair creation in the vortex-driven magnetic fields of black holes

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年10月20日

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Zaza N. Osmanov

摘要

We study the effects of pair creation on the radiation emerging from black holes under the assumption that the magnetic fields are vortex driven. In particular, for a sufficiently broad range of supermassive black holes, we investigated the energies at which photons undergo decay under the influence of a strong magnetic field, producing electron-positron pairs. Depending on particular physical parameters, it has been shown that in certain scenarios high or very high energy emission generated by black holes will be strongly suppressed, thus, will be unable to escape a zone where radiation is generated. In particular, photons with energies exceeding $\sim 1 GeV$ $\sim 1\text{ GeV}$ will never leave the magnetosphere if they are generated at the scale 10 $R_{g}$ $R_{g}$ and the threshold is of the order of $1 TeV$ $1\text{ TeV}$ , if the emission is produced at $\sim 100 R_{g}$ $\sim 100\; R_{g}$ . Analysing the process versus the black hole mass, assuming the region $100 R_{g}$ $100\; R_{g}$ , it has been shown that for the considered lowest mass, the photons with energies $250 GeV$ $250\text{ GeV}$ will never leave the black hole and for the considered highest mass the corresponding value is $\sim 250 TeV$ $\sim 250\text{ TeV}$ .