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<p>Saline-alkaline aquaculture is increasingly recognized as a sustainable approach to mitigating freshwater scarcity and supporting aquaculture expansion. Hong Kong catfish (<i>Clarias fuscus</i>), a freshwater fish native to southern China, has high reproductive and economic value, but its long-term adaptive responses to saline-alkaline environments remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of 60-day saline-alkaline exposure on growth performance, tissue integrity, and muscle quality in <i>C. fuscus</i>. Fish were assigned to three treatments with target salinity and total alkalinity levels: control group (CK; salinity 0.5‰, alkalinity 0.8&#xa0;mmol/L), low saline-alkaline group (LSA; 2.5‰, 5.0&#xa0;mmol/L), and high saline-alkaline group (HSA; 6.0‰, 10.0&#xa0;mmol/L). The 100% survival rate across all treatments indicates strong saline-alkaline tolerance. Relative to CK, LSA had no significant effect on major growth indices, muscle texture, or tissue morphology. By contrast, HSA significantly impaired growth, as evidenced by reduced final body weight (FBW), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), average daily gain (ADG), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR). This growth impairment was accompanied by marked histopathological alterations in the gills, liver, and intestine, together with reduced muscle hardness, springiness, and chewiness. Nevertheless, all evaluated essential amino acid categories except valine met or exceeded the reference amino acid pattern, suggesting that muscle protein quality was largely maintained under severe saline-alkaline stress. Overall, <i>C. fuscus</i> can acclimate to low saline-alkaline conditions, whereas high-intensity stress induces a survival-growth trade-off associated with organ damage. These findings provide practical water-quality references for culturing <i>C. fuscus</i> in mildly saline-alkaline inland waters.</p>

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Effects of chronic saline-alkaline stress on growth performance, histopathological alterations, and muscle quality in Hong Kong catfish (Clarias fuscus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Xingzi Liang,
  • Lingwei Kong,
  • Minghui Ye,
  • Yulei Zhang,
  • Adili Abudu,
  • Gang Shi,
  • Xu Liu,
  • Dongge Liu,
  • Yanwu Ma,
  • Huapu Chen,
  • Changxu Tian

摘要

Saline-alkaline aquaculture is increasingly recognized as a sustainable approach to mitigating freshwater scarcity and supporting aquaculture expansion. Hong Kong catfish (Clarias fuscus), a freshwater fish native to southern China, has high reproductive and economic value, but its long-term adaptive responses to saline-alkaline environments remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of 60-day saline-alkaline exposure on growth performance, tissue integrity, and muscle quality in C. fuscus. Fish were assigned to three treatments with target salinity and total alkalinity levels: control group (CK; salinity 0.5‰, alkalinity 0.8 mmol/L), low saline-alkaline group (LSA; 2.5‰, 5.0 mmol/L), and high saline-alkaline group (HSA; 6.0‰, 10.0 mmol/L). The 100% survival rate across all treatments indicates strong saline-alkaline tolerance. Relative to CK, LSA had no significant effect on major growth indices, muscle texture, or tissue morphology. By contrast, HSA significantly impaired growth, as evidenced by reduced final body weight (FBW), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), average daily gain (ADG), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR). This growth impairment was accompanied by marked histopathological alterations in the gills, liver, and intestine, together with reduced muscle hardness, springiness, and chewiness. Nevertheless, all evaluated essential amino acid categories except valine met or exceeded the reference amino acid pattern, suggesting that muscle protein quality was largely maintained under severe saline-alkaline stress. Overall, C. fuscus can acclimate to low saline-alkaline conditions, whereas high-intensity stress induces a survival-growth trade-off associated with organ damage. These findings provide practical water-quality references for culturing C. fuscus in mildly saline-alkaline inland waters.