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<p>Numerous studies have demonstrated a strong association between dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and disease onset. Curcumin, a polyphenolic bioactive compound extracted from <i>Curcuma longa</i>, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties and effectively modulates the gut microbiota in vivo, positioning it as a promising intervention for improving host health. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) were fed the diet with 0.5% curcumin for 14&#xa0;days and subsequently challenged with a <i>Vibrio</i> cocktail (<i>V. fluvialis</i>, <i>V. coralliilyticus</i>, and <i>V. tubiashii</i>) for 9&#xa0;days. To investigate the mechanisms by which curcumin supplementation enhances shrimp disease resistance, gut and hepatopancreas samples were collected for analyzing the gut microbiome and shrimp transcriptomic profile, respectively. Compared with the <i>Vibrio</i> spp. infection group, curcumin supplementation plus infection effectively alleviated shrimp mortality (<i>P</i> = 0.006) and hepatopancreatic and intestinal damages, including the deformation of hepatopancreatic tubules, irregular luminal atrophy, and intestinal epithelial necrosis. Infection alone significantly depressed the gut microbial diversity, beneficial bacterial taxa, network stability, and butanoate metabolism compared with controls, while these detrimental effects were alleviated by curcumin supplementation, as supported by the restoration of gut histomorphology, ecological, and mechanical barriers against pathogens. Transcriptome analysis revealed that infection alone significantly suppressed shrimp key innate immune pathways of Toll-like receptor, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and Toll and Imd signaling pathways compared with controls. However, these immune barriers were markedly activated by curcumin supplementation plus infection shrimp, which could facilitate rapid pathogen recognition and preserve the hepatopancreas structural integrity. Collectively, curcumin supplementation protected shrimp against infection by strengthening ecological, mechanical, and immune barriers. Our findings elucidate the ecological and molecular mechanisms by which curcumin strengthen host disease resistance, providing solid foundation for its application in aquaculture.</p>

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Curcumin supplementation efficiently improves shrimp disease resistance via potentiated ecological, mechanical, and immune barriers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Haonan Sha,
  • Jiayue Wang,
  • Zheliang Sheng,
  • Changyue Zhu,
  • Jinbo Xiong

摘要

Numerous studies have demonstrated a strong association between dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and disease onset. Curcumin, a polyphenolic bioactive compound extracted from Curcuma longa, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties and effectively modulates the gut microbiota in vivo, positioning it as a promising intervention for improving host health. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were fed the diet with 0.5% curcumin for 14 days and subsequently challenged with a Vibrio cocktail (V. fluvialis, V. coralliilyticus, and V. tubiashii) for 9 days. To investigate the mechanisms by which curcumin supplementation enhances shrimp disease resistance, gut and hepatopancreas samples were collected for analyzing the gut microbiome and shrimp transcriptomic profile, respectively. Compared with the Vibrio spp. infection group, curcumin supplementation plus infection effectively alleviated shrimp mortality (P = 0.006) and hepatopancreatic and intestinal damages, including the deformation of hepatopancreatic tubules, irregular luminal atrophy, and intestinal epithelial necrosis. Infection alone significantly depressed the gut microbial diversity, beneficial bacterial taxa, network stability, and butanoate metabolism compared with controls, while these detrimental effects were alleviated by curcumin supplementation, as supported by the restoration of gut histomorphology, ecological, and mechanical barriers against pathogens. Transcriptome analysis revealed that infection alone significantly suppressed shrimp key innate immune pathways of Toll-like receptor, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and Toll and Imd signaling pathways compared with controls. However, these immune barriers were markedly activated by curcumin supplementation plus infection shrimp, which could facilitate rapid pathogen recognition and preserve the hepatopancreas structural integrity. Collectively, curcumin supplementation protected shrimp against infection by strengthening ecological, mechanical, and immune barriers. Our findings elucidate the ecological and molecular mechanisms by which curcumin strengthen host disease resistance, providing solid foundation for its application in aquaculture.