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<p>In aquaculture, broodstock conditioning diets are essential for enhancing reproductive performance, particularly as offspring survival remains a primary bottleneck in sea urchin production. This study investigated the effects of different broodstock diets on gonad development, fatty acid profiles, and oocyte size in the sea urchin <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>. To determine if maternal investment could be enhanced through specific nutrients, three diets that differed in both&#xa0;ingredient matrix&#xa0;and&#xa0;pigment profile were tested over a two-month feeding period: 1) a formulated pumpkin/algal diet (PA)&#xa0;enriched with&#xa0;β-carotene&#xa0;via pumpkin and&#xa0;<i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp.; 2) a formulated pea/corn diet (PC)&#xa0;with a&#xa0;low-pigment profile, and 3) a natural kelp diet based on <i>Saccorhiza polyschides,</i> representing one of the natural foods for <i>P. lividus</i> in its local habitat. This Kelp diet provided a&#xa0;mixed-pigment&#xa0;reference with relatively high total carotenoids. Following the feeding trial, several key parameters were assessed, including gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive stage, fatty acid composition, oocyte size, and fertilization success. Results indicated that females fed the PA diet produced oocytes that were 18% larger and achieved a 7% higher fertilization rate than those on the PC diet. This enhancement is likely linked to the significantly higher deposition of carotenoids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the gonads. In contrast, while the PC diet promoted a high GSI, it resulted in smaller oocytes and lower fertilization rates, due to a deficiency in n-3 PUFA in their gonads. Females fed the Kelp diet presented the slowest gonadal development and failed to spawn, suggesting that seaweed is insufficient as a sole food source for short-term broodstock conditioning to support reproduction. This research provides valuable insights into developing broodstock conditioning diets by exploring alternative nutrient sources, such as pumpkin and microalgae, to enhance reproductive traits, particularly for emerging species like sea urchins.</p>

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Inclusion of carotenoids and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) broodstock diets improves gonad development and oocyte quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • A. S. Gomes,
  • A. F. Rodrigues,
  • M. Neves,
  • C. Roseiro,
  • H. Cardoso,
  • A. P. Violante,
  • P. J. Gavaia,
  • C. Suckling,
  • S. Lourenço

摘要

In aquaculture, broodstock conditioning diets are essential for enhancing reproductive performance, particularly as offspring survival remains a primary bottleneck in sea urchin production. This study investigated the effects of different broodstock diets on gonad development, fatty acid profiles, and oocyte size in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To determine if maternal investment could be enhanced through specific nutrients, three diets that differed in both ingredient matrix and pigment profile were tested over a two-month feeding period: 1) a formulated pumpkin/algal diet (PA) enriched with β-carotene via pumpkin and Nannochloropsis sp.; 2) a formulated pea/corn diet (PC) with a low-pigment profile, and 3) a natural kelp diet based on Saccorhiza polyschides, representing one of the natural foods for P. lividus in its local habitat. This Kelp diet provided a mixed-pigment reference with relatively high total carotenoids. Following the feeding trial, several key parameters were assessed, including gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive stage, fatty acid composition, oocyte size, and fertilization success. Results indicated that females fed the PA diet produced oocytes that were 18% larger and achieved a 7% higher fertilization rate than those on the PC diet. This enhancement is likely linked to the significantly higher deposition of carotenoids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the gonads. In contrast, while the PC diet promoted a high GSI, it resulted in smaller oocytes and lower fertilization rates, due to a deficiency in n-3 PUFA in their gonads. Females fed the Kelp diet presented the slowest gonadal development and failed to spawn, suggesting that seaweed is insufficient as a sole food source for short-term broodstock conditioning to support reproduction. This research provides valuable insights into developing broodstock conditioning diets by exploring alternative nutrient sources, such as pumpkin and microalgae, to enhance reproductive traits, particularly for emerging species like sea urchins.