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<p>The expansion of tilapia aquaculture, while essential for global food security, generates significant nutrient waste and highlights the need for effective mitigation strategies. Integrating filter-feeding bivalves into aquaculture systems has been proposed as a bioremediation approach within integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) models. However, its practical effectiveness and scalability remain uncertain. This review provides a critical synthesis of bivalve integration in tilapia systems across different production and socioeconomic contexts. The findings indicate that bivalves consistently improve water clarity through the removal of suspended particles. However, this improvement does not necessarily result in net nutrient removal, as a substantial proportion of the filtered material is deposited on sediments as biodeposits and may be recycled within the system. The effects on tilapia growth and overall system performance are highly variable and depend on system-specific conditions. Key barriers to large-scale adoption include biological mismatches between species, system design limitations, increased management complexity, and limited economic returns from freshwater bivalve co-products. Overall, the evidence suggests that bivalve integration primarily functions as a mechanism for nutrient redistribution rather than for nutrient removal. Future progress will depend on improved biodeposition management, system-specific design, and the development of viable value chains for bivalve co-products to support sustainable and economically viable adoption.</p>

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The freshwater bivalve paradox in tilapia aquaculture: biofiltration, biodeposition, and the limits of integrated multi-trophic farming

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Murielle Izere,
  • Elisee Nshimiyimana,
  • Fidele Niyompano,
  • Viateur Nahayo,
  • Tharcille Uzanyinema,
  • Bo Zhao

摘要

The expansion of tilapia aquaculture, while essential for global food security, generates significant nutrient waste and highlights the need for effective mitigation strategies. Integrating filter-feeding bivalves into aquaculture systems has been proposed as a bioremediation approach within integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) models. However, its practical effectiveness and scalability remain uncertain. This review provides a critical synthesis of bivalve integration in tilapia systems across different production and socioeconomic contexts. The findings indicate that bivalves consistently improve water clarity through the removal of suspended particles. However, this improvement does not necessarily result in net nutrient removal, as a substantial proportion of the filtered material is deposited on sediments as biodeposits and may be recycled within the system. The effects on tilapia growth and overall system performance are highly variable and depend on system-specific conditions. Key barriers to large-scale adoption include biological mismatches between species, system design limitations, increased management complexity, and limited economic returns from freshwater bivalve co-products. Overall, the evidence suggests that bivalve integration primarily functions as a mechanism for nutrient redistribution rather than for nutrient removal. Future progress will depend on improved biodeposition management, system-specific design, and the development of viable value chains for bivalve co-products to support sustainable and economically viable adoption.