Scholarlink

<p>Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBMs), including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and their derivatives, are increasingly utilized across industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications, leading to their inevitable release into aquatic ecosystems. Despite extensive studies on CBMs toxicity, a critical gap remains in integrating their environmental sources, transformation processes, and mechanistic toxicity within an aquaculture-specific risk assessment framework. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the occurrence, physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and ecotoxicological effects of CBMs in freshwater and marine systems, with particular emphasis on aquaculture-relevant exposure conditions. Key processes governing environmental behavior, including aggregation dynamics, sediment interactions, and associations with natural organic matter, are discussed in relation to their influence on colloidal stability, transport, and bioavailability. Mechanistic toxicity pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immunomodulation, and tissue-level alterations are examined in connection with material properties such as surface functionalization, aspect ratio, and structural defects. In addition, this review highlights current analytical challenges in CBM detection and quantification in complex aquatic matrices and distinguishes between modelled and experimentally measured environmental concentrations. Available evidence indicates variability in sensitivity across species and life stages, with early developmental stages often showing greater susceptivity. Although environmental concentrations are generally lower than acute toxicity thresholds, CBMs may significantly influence contaminant dynamics through sorption and carrier-mediated transport, particularly under intensive aquaculture conditions. By integrating environmental behavior with mechanistic toxicity and exposure assessment, this review proposes a conceptual risk profiling framework tailored to aquaculture systems and identifies key research gaps to support improved environmental risk assessment and the sustainable management of carbon-based nanomaterials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Carbon-based nanomaterials in aquatic environments: sources, fate, toxicological effects, and risk profiling with special reference to aquaculture systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

查看全文
  • Saba Khursheed Khan,
  • Saima jan,
  • Shafiya Mushtaq,
  • Hudisa banoo,
  • Joydeep dutta,
  • Irfan Ashraf Badroo,
  • Ishtiyaq Ahmad,
  • Mohd Ashraf Rather

摘要

Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBMs), including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and their derivatives, are increasingly utilized across industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications, leading to their inevitable release into aquatic ecosystems. Despite extensive studies on CBMs toxicity, a critical gap remains in integrating their environmental sources, transformation processes, and mechanistic toxicity within an aquaculture-specific risk assessment framework. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the occurrence, physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and ecotoxicological effects of CBMs in freshwater and marine systems, with particular emphasis on aquaculture-relevant exposure conditions. Key processes governing environmental behavior, including aggregation dynamics, sediment interactions, and associations with natural organic matter, are discussed in relation to their influence on colloidal stability, transport, and bioavailability. Mechanistic toxicity pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immunomodulation, and tissue-level alterations are examined in connection with material properties such as surface functionalization, aspect ratio, and structural defects. In addition, this review highlights current analytical challenges in CBM detection and quantification in complex aquatic matrices and distinguishes between modelled and experimentally measured environmental concentrations. Available evidence indicates variability in sensitivity across species and life stages, with early developmental stages often showing greater susceptivity. Although environmental concentrations are generally lower than acute toxicity thresholds, CBMs may significantly influence contaminant dynamics through sorption and carrier-mediated transport, particularly under intensive aquaculture conditions. By integrating environmental behavior with mechanistic toxicity and exposure assessment, this review proposes a conceptual risk profiling framework tailored to aquaculture systems and identifies key research gaps to support improved environmental risk assessment and the sustainable management of carbon-based nanomaterials.

Graphical Abstract