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<p>Pronounced individual growth variation in <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>, a key mariculture Holothuroidea, challenges efficient cultivation. To better understand this variability, this study investigated relationships between personality, physiology, and growth divergence. Sixty full-sib juveniles (initial body weight 13–18&#xa0;g), individually reared for 30&#xa0;days under ad libitum feeding, showed widening growth divergence, with the coefficient of variation in body weight increasing from 8.053 to 16.218%. Highly variable specific growth rate, with a max-to-min ratio of 6.424, strongly correlated with food intake (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Notably, final body weight was not significantly correlated with initial body weight (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05), and specific growth rate negatively correlated with initial body weight (<i>r</i> =  − 0.274, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating that higher initial body weight did not guarantee superior growth. Individual behavioral traits were assessed twice, before and after the rearing period, and results indicated that <i>A. japonicus</i> exhibited personality. Specifically, feeding duration and movement distance were repeatable indicators of boldness and activity, respectively. However, these traits showed no significant correlations with specific growth rate (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05), suggesting their limited direct influence on growth variation. Further physiological assessments revealed that resting metabolic rate and cortisol concentration in coelomic fluid, measured post-rearing, were both significantly correlated with specific growth rate (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Individual specific growth rate was positively correlated with resting metabolic rate (<i>r</i> = 0.299) and negatively with cortisol concentration (<i>r</i> =  − 0.334), suggesting that faster growth in <i>A. japonicus</i> may be associated with a higher basal metabolic capacity and lower physiological stress levels. By excluding group interferences and food limitation, this study provides new insights into <i>A. japonicus</i> growth variation. These findings can inform development of more efficient aquaculture practices for this species.</p>

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Relationship between personality and physiology and individual growth variation of Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Mingxin Lyu,
  • Qiming Feng,
  • Kaiqi Lai,
  • Libin Zhang

摘要

Pronounced individual growth variation in Apostichopus japonicus, a key mariculture Holothuroidea, challenges efficient cultivation. To better understand this variability, this study investigated relationships between personality, physiology, and growth divergence. Sixty full-sib juveniles (initial body weight 13–18 g), individually reared for 30 days under ad libitum feeding, showed widening growth divergence, with the coefficient of variation in body weight increasing from 8.053 to 16.218%. Highly variable specific growth rate, with a max-to-min ratio of 6.424, strongly correlated with food intake (P < 0.01). Notably, final body weight was not significantly correlated with initial body weight (P > 0.05), and specific growth rate negatively correlated with initial body weight (r =  − 0.274, P < 0.05), indicating that higher initial body weight did not guarantee superior growth. Individual behavioral traits were assessed twice, before and after the rearing period, and results indicated that A. japonicus exhibited personality. Specifically, feeding duration and movement distance were repeatable indicators of boldness and activity, respectively. However, these traits showed no significant correlations with specific growth rate (P > 0.05), suggesting their limited direct influence on growth variation. Further physiological assessments revealed that resting metabolic rate and cortisol concentration in coelomic fluid, measured post-rearing, were both significantly correlated with specific growth rate (P < 0.05). Individual specific growth rate was positively correlated with resting metabolic rate (r = 0.299) and negatively with cortisol concentration (r =  − 0.334), suggesting that faster growth in A. japonicus may be associated with a higher basal metabolic capacity and lower physiological stress levels. By excluding group interferences and food limitation, this study provides new insights into A. japonicus growth variation. These findings can inform development of more efficient aquaculture practices for this species.