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<p><i>Vibrio harveyi</i> is a major pathogen causing fatal vibriosis in marine aquaculture, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study innovatively explored the infection-mitigating effectiveness and mechanisms of Xiaochengqi Decoction (XCQD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, against <i>V. harveyi</i> infection using a multi-method approach (in vivo experiments, molecular docking, functional assays, network pharmacology). In kuruma shrimp (<i>Penaeus japonicus</i>), XCQD significantly alleviated <i>V. harveyi</i>-induced intestinal damage, reduced intestinal Vibrio load from 1.6 × 10⁸ to 1.23 × 10<sup>5</sup>&#xa0;CFU/mL, and preserved intestinal mucosal integrity. Molecular docking revealed that 12 bioactive compounds within XCQD bound to <i>V. harveyi</i> hemolysin (VHH), with four (nomilin, aloe-emodin, narirutin, hesperidin) inhibiting VHH-mediated hemolysis. Furthermore, 12 compounds also suppressed biofilm formation (e.g., hesperetin achieved 89.7% inhibition at 64&#xa0;μg/mL). Network pharmacology identified 378 potential targets of 47 XCQD compounds enriched in cAMP, TNF, and nitrogen metabolism pathways, with EGFR, HRAS, HSP90AA1, JAK2, MAPK1, and PTK2 as core targets, indicating multitarget modulation of host–pathogen interactions. Our findings highlight XCQD as a promising natural therapeutic for sustainable aquaculture disease control, offering a practical alternative to antibiotics by targeting bacterial virulence and host immunity.</p>

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Xiaochengqi decoction alleviates Vibrio harveyi infection by inhibiting hemolytic activity and biofilm formation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Yushi Pan,
  • Jianuo Liu,
  • Guanying Lv,
  • Yupeng Zhang,
  • Xiaoran Zhao,
  • Tongjun Ren

摘要

Vibrio harveyi is a major pathogen causing fatal vibriosis in marine aquaculture, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study innovatively explored the infection-mitigating effectiveness and mechanisms of Xiaochengqi Decoction (XCQD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, against V. harveyi infection using a multi-method approach (in vivo experiments, molecular docking, functional assays, network pharmacology). In kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus), XCQD significantly alleviated V. harveyi-induced intestinal damage, reduced intestinal Vibrio load from 1.6 × 10⁸ to 1.23 × 105 CFU/mL, and preserved intestinal mucosal integrity. Molecular docking revealed that 12 bioactive compounds within XCQD bound to V. harveyi hemolysin (VHH), with four (nomilin, aloe-emodin, narirutin, hesperidin) inhibiting VHH-mediated hemolysis. Furthermore, 12 compounds also suppressed biofilm formation (e.g., hesperetin achieved 89.7% inhibition at 64 μg/mL). Network pharmacology identified 378 potential targets of 47 XCQD compounds enriched in cAMP, TNF, and nitrogen metabolism pathways, with EGFR, HRAS, HSP90AA1, JAK2, MAPK1, and PTK2 as core targets, indicating multitarget modulation of host–pathogen interactions. Our findings highlight XCQD as a promising natural therapeutic for sustainable aquaculture disease control, offering a practical alternative to antibiotics by targeting bacterial virulence and host immunity.