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<p>This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on growth performance, protein deposition, muscle quality, and physiological responses in triploid crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>). Six isonitrogenous (32.00%) and isolipidic (8.00%) diets were prepared containing NMDA levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00&#xa0;g/kg diet. At the conclusion of an 8-week feeding trial, results demonstrated that 0.25&#xa0;g/kg NMDA significantly enhanced growth performance metrics. The growth performance parameters measured included final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE). Additionally, it was observed that the crude protein content in the body and dorsal muscle increased, and the diameter of muscle fibers significantly enlarged in the 0.25&#xa0;g/kg NMDA group. Gene expression analysis revealed that 0.25&#xa0;g/kg NMDA upregulated the expression of intestinal nutrient absorption-related genes (<i>pept1</i>, <i>cdx2</i>, <i>sp1</i>) and muscle development-related genes (<i>tor</i>, <i>igf-1</i>, <i>myod</i>, <i>myog</i>, <i>mrf4</i>, <i>myf5</i>, <i>myhc</i>, <i>col1a1</i>, <i>col1a2</i>). Higher levels of NMDA supplementation (1.00 to 4.00&#xa0;g/kg) significantly increased the content of flavor compounds, specifically inosine monophosphate (IMP) and free glutamic acid (GlU), while also causing some alterations in muscle texture parameters. Physiological analysis revealed that NMDA supplementation improved the antioxidant defense system, as indicated by increased plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, heightened total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.25&#xa0;g/kg of NMDA significantly enhances growth, improves muscle quality, and increases antioxidant capacity in triploid crucian carp, thereby positioning it as a promising feed additive for aquaculture practices.</p>

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Dietary N-methyl-D-aspartate enhances growth performance, muscle quality and physiological responses in triploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Shenping Cao,
  • Qianting Zheng,
  • Ruijie Zhan,
  • Xing Lei,
  • Haoyun Xia,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Liquan Yang,
  • Peiqi Chen,
  • Junfan Shen,
  • Gengbo Wang,
  • Haokun Liu,
  • Shaochun Liu,
  • Zhen Liu,
  • Luojing Zhou

摘要

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on growth performance, protein deposition, muscle quality, and physiological responses in triploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Six isonitrogenous (32.00%) and isolipidic (8.00%) diets were prepared containing NMDA levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 g/kg diet. At the conclusion of an 8-week feeding trial, results demonstrated that 0.25 g/kg NMDA significantly enhanced growth performance metrics. The growth performance parameters measured included final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE). Additionally, it was observed that the crude protein content in the body and dorsal muscle increased, and the diameter of muscle fibers significantly enlarged in the 0.25 g/kg NMDA group. Gene expression analysis revealed that 0.25 g/kg NMDA upregulated the expression of intestinal nutrient absorption-related genes (pept1, cdx2, sp1) and muscle development-related genes (tor, igf-1, myod, myog, mrf4, myf5, myhc, col1a1, col1a2). Higher levels of NMDA supplementation (1.00 to 4.00 g/kg) significantly increased the content of flavor compounds, specifically inosine monophosphate (IMP) and free glutamic acid (GlU), while also causing some alterations in muscle texture parameters. Physiological analysis revealed that NMDA supplementation improved the antioxidant defense system, as indicated by increased plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, heightened total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.25 g/kg of NMDA significantly enhances growth, improves muscle quality, and increases antioxidant capacity in triploid crucian carp, thereby positioning it as a promising feed additive for aquaculture practices.