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<p>Live attenuated vaccines have been considered particularly effective for controlling bacterial infections due to their strong immunogenicity and long-lasting immune effects. Here, we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and protective effects of two attenuated cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase gene overexpression strains, Z11::pBBR1MCS-<i>yhjH</i> and Z11::pBBR1MCS-<i>adrB</i>, based on <i>Hafnia paralvei</i> Z11 as vaccine candidates. We found that the attenuated <i>H. paralvei</i> strains could temporarily colonize in the liver and spleen of loach, eventually being cleared without causing any clinical signs. Our study also showed that the immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels and the expression levels of <i>igm</i>, <i>igt</i>, and <i>igd</i> were significantly increased following vaccine immunization, as well as the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory related genes <i>tnf-α</i>, <i>il-1β</i>, and <i>il-6</i>, indicating that vaccine immunization induced immune responses in loaches. Furthermore, the overexpression strains used as vaccines can effectively stimulate the body to produce immune responses, enhance the phagocytic effect of blood cells on <i>H. paralvei</i> Z11 in loaches, improve bacterial clearance ability, and inhibit blood cell apoptosis. Vaccine immunization can also attenuate damage induced by <i>H. paralvei</i> Z11 to the liver and spleen tissues of loaches and provide effective protection for loaches. Our findings indicate that the overexpression strains can be applied as live attenuated vaccines to control bacterial infections, which can be developed as effective strategies for protection of aquatic animals.</p>

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Immunization with attenuated Hafnia paralvei vaccines exhibits immunogenicity and protective effects in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Yi Li,
  • Mengyuan Qin,
  • Xiaohua Xia

摘要

Live attenuated vaccines have been considered particularly effective for controlling bacterial infections due to their strong immunogenicity and long-lasting immune effects. Here, we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and protective effects of two attenuated cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase gene overexpression strains, Z11::pBBR1MCS-yhjH and Z11::pBBR1MCS-adrB, based on Hafnia paralvei Z11 as vaccine candidates. We found that the attenuated H. paralvei strains could temporarily colonize in the liver and spleen of loach, eventually being cleared without causing any clinical signs. Our study also showed that the immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels and the expression levels of igm, igt, and igd were significantly increased following vaccine immunization, as well as the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory related genes tnf-α, il-1β, and il-6, indicating that vaccine immunization induced immune responses in loaches. Furthermore, the overexpression strains used as vaccines can effectively stimulate the body to produce immune responses, enhance the phagocytic effect of blood cells on H. paralvei Z11 in loaches, improve bacterial clearance ability, and inhibit blood cell apoptosis. Vaccine immunization can also attenuate damage induced by H. paralvei Z11 to the liver and spleen tissues of loaches and provide effective protection for loaches. Our findings indicate that the overexpression strains can be applied as live attenuated vaccines to control bacterial infections, which can be developed as effective strategies for protection of aquatic animals.