<p>Bacteriocins, the antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, have emerged as a highly effective replacement for traditional antibiotics in aquaculture. Being eco-friendly and of natural origin, these peptides, especially those derived from marine sources, are advantageous for controlling aquatic pathogens in aquaculture systems due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. They are produced by certain bacterial strains, and possess unique mechanisms of action, allowing them to selectively target pathogenic bacteria, with minimal impact on the beneficial microbiota. An added advantage of these antimicrobial peptides is their marine source, which enables them to adapt to diverse environmental pressures without hindering their properties. Bacteriocins offer themselves as a potent alternative to antibiotics, particularly in managing multidrug-resistant pathogens. Advancements in their production, including in vitro and genetic engineering methods, have expanded their scope of applicability. Additionally, nanoformulation techniques are discussed that can potentially enhance bacteriocin stability, bioavailability, and delivery, further boosting their efficacy. This comprehensive review presents an overview of the types of bacteriocins, and their mode of action against drug-resistant pathogens, highlighting their potential as alternatives in pathogen control for sustainable aquaculture practices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>