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<p>The rapid expansion of China’s red swamp crayfish (<i>Procambarus clarkii</i>) aquaculture, accounting for over 97% of global production, is severely threatened by White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). However, the lack of comprehensive, year-round epidemiological data has hindered the development of effective control strategies. To address this, we conducted the first year-long surveillance (March 2022–February 2023) of WSSV across five major producing regions in Hubei Province, analyzing 2,758 crayfish by PCR while concurrently monitoring key environmental factors. Our results revealed a persistent WSSV infection (overall prevalence: 31.72%) characterized by a notable bimodal prevalence pattern. An explosive primary outbreak peak occurred in May (88.33%), followed by a novel secondary peak in September (35.91%). This autumn peak coincided with the host’s reproductive season, suggesting a key transmission window that likely seeded the overwintering viral reservoir. Although prevalence varied regionally, annual prevalence was statistically similar between rice-crayfish and monoculture systems except in October, suggesting environmental drivers can override the influence of stocking density. Prevalence correlated strongly with water temperature from 4 to 28&#xa0;°C and was inversely related to dissolve oxygen above 5&#xa0;mg/L, highlighting these as primary drivers of seasonality. This study establishes the first holistic epidemiological framework for WSSV, identifying the autumn reproductive and overwintering periods as critical control points, and thereby provides an essential foundation for developing precise, data-driven management strategies.</p>

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Year-round epidemiology and bimodal patterns of White spot syndrome virus infection in farmed Procambarus clarkii across Hubei, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Wei Lu,
  • XiaoHong Luo,
  • Zhiwei Xu,
  • Dan Li,
  • Ruixue Hu,
  • Zemao Gu,
  • Nan Chen

摘要

The rapid expansion of China’s red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) aquaculture, accounting for over 97% of global production, is severely threatened by White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). However, the lack of comprehensive, year-round epidemiological data has hindered the development of effective control strategies. To address this, we conducted the first year-long surveillance (March 2022–February 2023) of WSSV across five major producing regions in Hubei Province, analyzing 2,758 crayfish by PCR while concurrently monitoring key environmental factors. Our results revealed a persistent WSSV infection (overall prevalence: 31.72%) characterized by a notable bimodal prevalence pattern. An explosive primary outbreak peak occurred in May (88.33%), followed by a novel secondary peak in September (35.91%). This autumn peak coincided with the host’s reproductive season, suggesting a key transmission window that likely seeded the overwintering viral reservoir. Although prevalence varied regionally, annual prevalence was statistically similar between rice-crayfish and monoculture systems except in October, suggesting environmental drivers can override the influence of stocking density. Prevalence correlated strongly with water temperature from 4 to 28 °C and was inversely related to dissolve oxygen above 5 mg/L, highlighting these as primary drivers of seasonality. This study establishes the first holistic epidemiological framework for WSSV, identifying the autumn reproductive and overwintering periods as critical control points, and thereby provides an essential foundation for developing precise, data-driven management strategies.