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<p>We investigated the effects of partial or complete replacement of conventional feed (live microalgae <i>Chaetoceros muelleri</i>:<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> = 3:1) (Group A) with powdered diets, including marine red yeast (<i>Rhodotorula</i> sp.) powder, <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> powder, and/or <i>Dunaliella salina</i> powder, on the survival, growth, and development of planktonic larvae of <i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>. Larvae in Group C (<i>C. muelleri</i>:<i>C. pyrenoidosa</i>:<i>S. cerevisiae</i> = 2:1:1) had the fastest growth rate, attaining a maximum body length of 862.30 ± 67.11&#xa0;µm&#xa0;on day 4 (6&#xa0;days post − fertilization), and entered the doliolaria stage by day 12. This group also had the highest survival rates, with a final survival rate of 90.48 ± 10.03%. In contrast, Groups D, E, and F (supplemented with <i>D. salina</i>) had slower growth and lower survival rates; Group E (<i>Rhodotorula</i> sp.:<i>C. pyrenoidosa</i>:<i>D. salina</i>:<i>S. cerevisiae</i> = 1:1:1:1) had the lowest survival rate (42.86 ± 8.57%). Doliolaria larvae were observed in Groups B (<i>C. muelleri</i>:<i>Rhodotorula</i> sp.:<i>S. cerevisiae</i> = 2:1:1), D (<i>C. muelleri</i>:<i>D. salina</i>:<i>S. cerevisi</i>ae = 2:1:1), E, and F (<i>C. muelleri</i>:<i>Rhodotorula</i> sp.:<i>C. pyrenoidosa</i>:<i>D. salina</i> = 1:1:1:1) by day 10, and the proportion of doliolaria larvae was highest in Group E (50.00%). Overall, supplementing conventional feed with&#xa0;<i>C. pyrenoidosa</i>&#xa0;significantly enhanced larval growth and survival, and <i>Rhodotorula</i> sp. and&#xa0;<i>D. salina</i>&#xa0;advanced larval development. In terms of overall cost and rearing effectiveness,&#xa0;<i>C. pyrenoidosa</i>&#xa0;could be added to conventional feed to optimize growth and survival, and <i>Rhodotorula</i> sp. could be supplemented to facilitate metamorphosis.</p>

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Effects of powdered diets on the performance of the planktonic larvae of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Zhenhao Lin,
  • Ximin Zheng,
  • Lei You,
  • Weihuan Yu,
  • Xuanliang Wang,
  • Jinhui Wu,
  • Zonghe Yu

摘要

We investigated the effects of partial or complete replacement of conventional feed (live microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri:Saccharomyces cerevisiae = 3:1) (Group A) with powdered diets, including marine red yeast (Rhodotorula sp.) powder, Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder, and/or Dunaliella salina powder, on the survival, growth, and development of planktonic larvae of Holothuria leucospilota. Larvae in Group C (C. muelleri:C. pyrenoidosa:S. cerevisiae = 2:1:1) had the fastest growth rate, attaining a maximum body length of 862.30 ± 67.11 µm on day 4 (6 days post − fertilization), and entered the doliolaria stage by day 12. This group also had the highest survival rates, with a final survival rate of 90.48 ± 10.03%. In contrast, Groups D, E, and F (supplemented with D. salina) had slower growth and lower survival rates; Group E (Rhodotorula sp.:C. pyrenoidosa:D. salina:S. cerevisiae = 1:1:1:1) had the lowest survival rate (42.86 ± 8.57%). Doliolaria larvae were observed in Groups B (C. muelleri:Rhodotorula sp.:S. cerevisiae = 2:1:1), D (C. muelleri:D. salina:S. cerevisiae = 2:1:1), E, and F (C. muelleri:Rhodotorula sp.:C. pyrenoidosa:D. salina = 1:1:1:1) by day 10, and the proportion of doliolaria larvae was highest in Group E (50.00%). Overall, supplementing conventional feed with C. pyrenoidosa significantly enhanced larval growth and survival, and Rhodotorula sp. and D. salina advanced larval development. In terms of overall cost and rearing effectiveness, C. pyrenoidosa could be added to conventional feed to optimize growth and survival, and Rhodotorula sp. could be supplemented to facilitate metamorphosis.