<p>The aim of this study is to analyze the causal effect of the net schooling rate, as a proxy for human capital, on saltwater fisheries and aquaculture in five coastal regions of Türkiye (Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Western Black Sea, and Eastern Black Sea). In the empirical analysis, we use the panel data for the period 2009–2022 and employ the dependent variables that are the amount of fish production obtained through fishing in Model 1 and the amount of fish produced through aquaculture in Model 2. The study applies the panel bootstrap Granger causality method, considering both structural heterogeneities and cross-sectional dependencies. The results show that the effect of educational attainment on fish production activities varies both by type of production and by regional conditions. In the Mediterranean and Aegean regions, educational attainment has strong effects on both fishing and aquaculture, while in some regions, it has a negative effect on production. The study contributes to the literature by presenting the effects of education, a socio-economic variable, at the sectoral level in detail; it also provides an empirical basis for the development of region-specific sustainability policies.</p>