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<p>This study investigated the effects of dietary <i>Spirulina</i> sp. meal supplementation on the growth, coloration, and reproductive performance of the Kuhli loach (<i>Pangio kuhlii</i>), a freshwater fish species popular in the aquarium industry. A total of 400 wild-caught fish were fed <i>Spirulina</i> sp. meal at different dietary levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100&#xa0;g/kg feed) for 40&#xa0;days. Growth parameters, such as body weight gain and specific growth rate, improved significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) with <i>Spirulina</i> sp. meal supplementation, particularly at 50&#xa0;g/kg feed, without affecting survival rates. Color intensity was assessed using imaging techniques, colorimetric analysis, as well as carotenoid content of the skin. Dark pigmentation and melanophore counts were enhanced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), especially at 75&#xa0;g/kg <i>Spirulina</i> sp. meal. The highest carotenoid content was observed at 75&#xa0;g/kg, indicating that this dietary level is optimal for skin carotenoid enhancement. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) improved with level of <i>Spirulina</i> sp. meal supplementation, with a notable increase in GSI values at 100&#xa0;g/kg feed. This study also highlighted sex-specific differences in response to <i>Spirulina</i> sp. meal supplementation, with males showing a greater increase in color intensity, particularly in dark coloration. The study suggests that <i>Spirulina</i> sp. meal supplementation can improve the color parameters of Kuhli loach, which are crucial in the ornamental fish industry. Although the 50, 75, and 100&#xa0;g/kg supplementation levels each produced significantly better results than lower doses, the optimal inclusion level varies with the desired parameter and no single level is universally superior. For practical application, 50&#xa0;g/kg is recommended due to its cost efficiency in enhancing growth performance. These findings provide valuable insights into sustainable Kuhli loach cultivation, ensuring high-quality ornamental fish production while also helping to preserve natural populations.</p>

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The effect of dietary Spirulina sp. supplement on coloration, reproduction improvement and some biological parameters of Kuhli loaches (Pangio kuhlii)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Darmawan Setia Budi,
  • Devia Rus Widiya,
  • Regita Dwi Aprilia,
  • Fajar Maulana,
  • Jiun-Yan Loh,
  • Hapsari Kenconojati,
  • Ahmad Shofy Mubarak,
  • Türker Bodur

摘要

This study investigated the effects of dietary Spirulina sp. meal supplementation on the growth, coloration, and reproductive performance of the Kuhli loach (Pangio kuhlii), a freshwater fish species popular in the aquarium industry. A total of 400 wild-caught fish were fed Spirulina sp. meal at different dietary levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/kg feed) for 40 days. Growth parameters, such as body weight gain and specific growth rate, improved significantly (P < 0.05) with Spirulina sp. meal supplementation, particularly at 50 g/kg feed, without affecting survival rates. Color intensity was assessed using imaging techniques, colorimetric analysis, as well as carotenoid content of the skin. Dark pigmentation and melanophore counts were enhanced (P < 0.05), especially at 75 g/kg Spirulina sp. meal. The highest carotenoid content was observed at 75 g/kg, indicating that this dietary level is optimal for skin carotenoid enhancement. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) improved with level of Spirulina sp. meal supplementation, with a notable increase in GSI values at 100 g/kg feed. This study also highlighted sex-specific differences in response to Spirulina sp. meal supplementation, with males showing a greater increase in color intensity, particularly in dark coloration. The study suggests that Spirulina sp. meal supplementation can improve the color parameters of Kuhli loach, which are crucial in the ornamental fish industry. Although the 50, 75, and 100 g/kg supplementation levels each produced significantly better results than lower doses, the optimal inclusion level varies with the desired parameter and no single level is universally superior. For practical application, 50 g/kg is recommended due to its cost efficiency in enhancing growth performance. These findings provide valuable insights into sustainable Kuhli loach cultivation, ensuring high-quality ornamental fish production while also helping to preserve natural populations.