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<p><i>Vibrio harveyi</i> is a major pathogen in aquaculture, severely affecting hybrid groupers. This study investigates the effects of <i>V. harveyi</i> infection and oligochitosan treatment on the growth, biochemical parameters, and immune responses of hybrid groupers. The results show that <i>V. harveyi</i> significantly reduced body weight (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), body length (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and head kidney weight (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed substantial damage to head kidney tissue and a significant decrease in head kidney cell count (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Biochemical analysis of serum and head kidney samples showed that <i>V. harveyi</i> increased glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and reduced catalase (CAT) activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), while not affecting glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. <i>V. harveyi</i> also increased GPT and GOT activities (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and oligochitosan reduced GPT (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and SOD activities (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in the head kidney. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that <i>V. harveyi</i> downregulated interleukin-10 (<i>IL- 10</i>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and upregulated interleukin-1β (<i>IL- 1β</i>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), interleukin-8 (<i>IL- 8</i>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated <i>B</i> cells p65 (<i>p65</i>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and toll-like receptor 3 (<i>TLR- 3</i>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), which were partially reversed by oligochitosan. <i>V. harveyi</i> also upregulated cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-3 (<i>caspase- 3</i>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and bcl-2-associated x protein (<i>BAX</i>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) expression, increasing apoptosis, which was alleviated by oligochitosan supplementation, as shown by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, <i>V. harveyi</i> induces inflammation and impairs immune response in hybrid groupers, while oligochitosan can mitigate these effects and enhance immunity.</p>

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Effects of Vibrio harveyi and oligochitosan non-specific immune response of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) supplementation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Lixin Ma,
  • Zhilong Chen,
  • Hao Zhao,
  • Xiaomin Zheng,
  • Yutao Li,
  • Zhendong Qin,
  • Li Lin,
  • Fei Shi

摘要

Vibrio harveyi is a major pathogen in aquaculture, severely affecting hybrid groupers. This study investigates the effects of V. harveyi infection and oligochitosan treatment on the growth, biochemical parameters, and immune responses of hybrid groupers. The results show that V. harveyi significantly reduced body weight (P < 0.05), body length (P < 0.05), and head kidney weight (P < 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed substantial damage to head kidney tissue and a significant decrease in head kidney cell count (P < 0.05). Biochemical analysis of serum and head kidney samples showed that V. harveyi increased glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity (P < 0.05) and reduced catalase (CAT) activity (P < 0.01), while not affecting glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. V. harveyi also increased GPT and GOT activities (P < 0.05), and oligochitosan reduced GPT (P < 0.01) and SOD activities (P < 0.05) in the head kidney. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that V. harveyi downregulated interleukin-10 (IL- 10) (P < 0.05) and upregulated interleukin-1β (IL- 1β) (P < 0.05), interleukin-8 (IL- 8) (P < 0.05), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 (p65) (P < 0.05), and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR- 3) (P < 0.05), which were partially reversed by oligochitosan. V. harveyi also upregulated cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase- 3) (P < 0.05) and bcl-2-associated x protein (BAX) (P < 0.05) expression, increasing apoptosis, which was alleviated by oligochitosan supplementation, as shown by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay (P < 0.01). In conclusion, V. harveyi induces inflammation and impairs immune response in hybrid groupers, while oligochitosan can mitigate these effects and enhance immunity.