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<p>Ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) pollution poses a critical challenge to global aquaculture sustainability. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> DM115, a novel probiotic strain that demonstrates exceptional NH<sub>3</sub>-N degradation capabilities in ornamental fish aquaculture. Under optimized conditions, DM115 achieved 98.45% NH<sub>3</sub>-N reduction within 24&#xa0;h, while exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against major aquaculture pathogens with minimal antibiotic resistance. In vivo studies using koi (<i>Cyprinus rubrofuscus haematopterus</i>) revealed that DM115 not only effectively reduced NH<sub>3</sub>-N levels to 0.25&#xa0;mg/L (99.37% efficiency) but also significantly enhanced fish survival (86.67%) through modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory response pathways. Our findings establish DM115 as a promising probiotic agent for sustainable aquaculture water quality management, offering an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional treatment methods.</p>

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Bacillus subtilis probiotic enhances ornamental fish survival through ammonia detoxification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月18日

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  • Luo-tao Tao,
  • Dai-min Wei,
  • Ben Niu,
  • Han Lu,
  • Jing Xiong,
  • Wu-wen Sun,
  • Xiao-feng Shan

摘要

Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) pollution poses a critical challenge to global aquaculture sustainability. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis DM115, a novel probiotic strain that demonstrates exceptional NH3-N degradation capabilities in ornamental fish aquaculture. Under optimized conditions, DM115 achieved 98.45% NH3-N reduction within 24 h, while exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against major aquaculture pathogens with minimal antibiotic resistance. In vivo studies using koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus haematopterus) revealed that DM115 not only effectively reduced NH3-N levels to 0.25 mg/L (99.37% efficiency) but also significantly enhanced fish survival (86.67%) through modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory response pathways. Our findings establish DM115 as a promising probiotic agent for sustainable aquaculture water quality management, offering an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional treatment methods.