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<p>The honey bee parasite <i>Varroa destructor</i> is the major cause of colony loss in many countries, including New Zealand. Reports of less successful treatment schedules with synthetic pyrethroids are raising concerns of treatment failure due to genetic resistance to the pyrethroids arising in the mites. Here we describe an inexpensive, single-tube, and rapid detection method to both detect and differentiate the three knockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>) mutations that are the major cause of pyrethroid resistance in <i>Varroa</i> globally. This method – employing two unlabelled qPCR primers – avoids the expense of individual mutation-specific probes. Its lower cost and rapid implementation mean new mutation assays can be easily developed for <i>Varroa</i> and other treatment resistance analyses. The use of this test over the last eight years has not detected the presence of the L925 <i>kdr</i> mutations in <i>Varroa</i> assessed in New Zealand to date.</p>

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Snapback high resolution melting analysis for the rapid detection and differentiation of the L925 mutations associated with resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Varroa destructor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • John F. Mackay,
  • Rebecca E. Hewett,
  • Noa T. Smith,
  • Tesuca A. de Lautour,
  • Tammy L. Waters

摘要

The honey bee parasite Varroa destructor is the major cause of colony loss in many countries, including New Zealand. Reports of less successful treatment schedules with synthetic pyrethroids are raising concerns of treatment failure due to genetic resistance to the pyrethroids arising in the mites. Here we describe an inexpensive, single-tube, and rapid detection method to both detect and differentiate the three knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations that are the major cause of pyrethroid resistance in Varroa globally. This method – employing two unlabelled qPCR primers – avoids the expense of individual mutation-specific probes. Its lower cost and rapid implementation mean new mutation assays can be easily developed for Varroa and other treatment resistance analyses. The use of this test over the last eight years has not detected the presence of the L925 kdr mutations in Varroa assessed in New Zealand to date.