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<p>Phytoseiid mites (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) are a diverse family of predatory arthropods that play a crucial role in controlling herbivorous mite and insect populations in agricultural ecosystems. Within this family, the genus <i>Euseius</i> Wainstein includes generalist predators known for their ability to utilize alternative food sources such as pollen, making them valuable in both augmentative and conservation biological control strategies. Among these, <i>Euseius finlandicus</i> (Oudemans) is widely distributed across various agroecosystems in Türkiye, particularly in citrus orchards, and is recognized for its potential contribution to sustainable pest management. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and sublethal reproductive effects of five acaricides commonly applied in citrus cultivation-abamectin, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, pyridaben, and spirodiclofen-on the eggs, larvae, and adult females of <i>E</i>. <i>finlandicus</i>. The experiments were conducted under standardized laboratory conditions (25 ± 2&#xa0;°C, 65 ± 10% relative humidity, and a 16:8&#xa0;h light: dark photoperiod). In addition to assessing the highest manufacturer-recommended concentrations, differential dose-response effects were investigated in accordance with the toxicity levels observed. Both abamectin and pyridaben demonstrated low ovicidal and marked larvicidal activity and induced complete mortality (100%) in adult females within 24&#xa0;h, thereby precluding the assessment of their impact on fecundity. Etoxazole caused moderate egg (19.17%), complete larval, and low adult mortality (10.34%). Fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen were associated with relatively low toxicity across all developmental stages evaluated, with adult mortality remaining below 13%. Regarding reproductive parameters, neither etoxazole nor fenbutatin oxide significantly impaired oviposition compared to the control, while spirodiclofen was associated with a reduction in fecundity. Based on these findings, fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen are considered compatible with <i>E</i>. <i>finlandicus</i> within the context of integrated pest management. In contrast, abamectin and pyridaben exhibited deleterious effects across larva and adult stages and are deemed incompatible. Etoxazole warrants cautious use due to its stage-specific toxicity. Consequently, field and semi-field trials are essential to further elucidate the ecological risk profiles of abamectin, etoxazole, and pyridaben under realistic agronomic conditions.</p>

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Acute toxicity of acaricides on different biological stages and oviposition of citrus-inhabiting population of predatory mite Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Haşim Akbay,
  • Cengiz Kazak

摘要

Phytoseiid mites (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) are a diverse family of predatory arthropods that play a crucial role in controlling herbivorous mite and insect populations in agricultural ecosystems. Within this family, the genus Euseius Wainstein includes generalist predators known for their ability to utilize alternative food sources such as pollen, making them valuable in both augmentative and conservation biological control strategies. Among these, Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) is widely distributed across various agroecosystems in Türkiye, particularly in citrus orchards, and is recognized for its potential contribution to sustainable pest management. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and sublethal reproductive effects of five acaricides commonly applied in citrus cultivation-abamectin, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, pyridaben, and spirodiclofen-on the eggs, larvae, and adult females of E. finlandicus. The experiments were conducted under standardized laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 10% relative humidity, and a 16:8 h light: dark photoperiod). In addition to assessing the highest manufacturer-recommended concentrations, differential dose-response effects were investigated in accordance with the toxicity levels observed. Both abamectin and pyridaben demonstrated low ovicidal and marked larvicidal activity and induced complete mortality (100%) in adult females within 24 h, thereby precluding the assessment of their impact on fecundity. Etoxazole caused moderate egg (19.17%), complete larval, and low adult mortality (10.34%). Fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen were associated with relatively low toxicity across all developmental stages evaluated, with adult mortality remaining below 13%. Regarding reproductive parameters, neither etoxazole nor fenbutatin oxide significantly impaired oviposition compared to the control, while spirodiclofen was associated with a reduction in fecundity. Based on these findings, fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen are considered compatible with E. finlandicus within the context of integrated pest management. In contrast, abamectin and pyridaben exhibited deleterious effects across larva and adult stages and are deemed incompatible. Etoxazole warrants cautious use due to its stage-specific toxicity. Consequently, field and semi-field trials are essential to further elucidate the ecological risk profiles of abamectin, etoxazole, and pyridaben under realistic agronomic conditions.