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<p>In insects, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a pivotal enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, is crucial in the juvenile hormone (JH)/methyl farnesoate (MF) biosynthesis pathway, particularly regulating the molting process. However, its role in the post-embryonic development and molting in Acari remains unclear. This study therefore investigated the function of <i>TuFPPS</i> in the deutonymphal stage of the two-spotted spider mite, <i>Tetranychus urticae</i>, an important pest in agriculture. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed a significant increase in <i>TuFPPS</i> expression in the middle of the quiescent period (28&#xa0;h). RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of <i>TuFPPS</i> caused developmental delays, notably extending the quiescent period and delaying the molting process. Ultimately, the treated mites failed to molt and died with 80% mortality at 108&#xa0;h before molting, while &gt; 90% of the mites in the control successfully molted. To investigate the potential functions of <i>TuFPPS</i> during the quiescent period and molting process in <i>T. urticae</i>, we performed a genome-wide RNA sequencing following RNAi knockdown of <i>TuFPPS</i>. Four genes were identified based on the thresholds of|FC| ≥ 3 and FDR &lt; 0.05, and these are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters. Altogether, our data suggest that <i>TuFPPS</i> plays a critical role in regulating energy transport, intracellular digestion, and energy supply, as seen in ametabolous insects. These findings lay the foundation for further studies of the molecular mechanism of JH/MF in post-embryonic development and molting in mites, and also identify a potential target for pest control, as demonstrated in <i>T. urticae</i>.</p>

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Knockdown of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase gene TuFPPS by RNAi extends quiescent period and halts molting of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • Qingyan Li,
  • Qixiang Peng,
  • Zhuo Li,
  • Guy Smagghe,
  • Gang Li

摘要

In insects, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a pivotal enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, is crucial in the juvenile hormone (JH)/methyl farnesoate (MF) biosynthesis pathway, particularly regulating the molting process. However, its role in the post-embryonic development and molting in Acari remains unclear. This study therefore investigated the function of TuFPPS in the deutonymphal stage of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, an important pest in agriculture. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed a significant increase in TuFPPS expression in the middle of the quiescent period (28 h). RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of TuFPPS caused developmental delays, notably extending the quiescent period and delaying the molting process. Ultimately, the treated mites failed to molt and died with 80% mortality at 108 h before molting, while > 90% of the mites in the control successfully molted. To investigate the potential functions of TuFPPS during the quiescent period and molting process in T. urticae, we performed a genome-wide RNA sequencing following RNAi knockdown of TuFPPS. Four genes were identified based on the thresholds of|FC| ≥ 3 and FDR < 0.05, and these are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters. Altogether, our data suggest that TuFPPS plays a critical role in regulating energy transport, intracellular digestion, and energy supply, as seen in ametabolous insects. These findings lay the foundation for further studies of the molecular mechanism of JH/MF in post-embryonic development and molting in mites, and also identify a potential target for pest control, as demonstrated in T. urticae.