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<p>The dissipative characteristics of deformation recovery in curved nanobeams are crucial for micro/nano-device reliability. In situ experiments reveal the dependence of recovery characteristics on loading direction, but existing theories fail to elaborate this mechanism, and efficient prediction methods are scarce. This study proposes an elastic-viscoelastic core-shell model under Kirchhoff’s small deformation hypothesis, accounting for surface-inner dissipation and geometric differences. Using the time-domain differential method, we convert the integral model into an equivalent differential model and derive an analytical solution for the deformation recovery. Combined with finite element (FE) analysis, we study the load/geometric effects on the viscoelastic recovery of the nanocircular-arc. The results agree well with the experimental results and the FE simulations. They show that laminated structures and surface dissipation endow the recovery process with two intrinsic characteristic time scales and two stages, including an instantaneous jump and long-term evolution, in which the synergy and competition between bending and axial deformation cause the dependence of recovery behavior on the loading direction and symmetry-breaking phenomena. This study clarifies experimental mechanisms and provides a new dissipation control approach.</p>

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Symmetry-breaking mechanism in viscoelastic recovery time of curved nanobeams under time-varying loads

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Xiuquan Wang,
  • Nenghui Zhang,
  • Hanlin Liu,
  • Jiawei Ling,
  • Qiqi Li

摘要

The dissipative characteristics of deformation recovery in curved nanobeams are crucial for micro/nano-device reliability. In situ experiments reveal the dependence of recovery characteristics on loading direction, but existing theories fail to elaborate this mechanism, and efficient prediction methods are scarce. This study proposes an elastic-viscoelastic core-shell model under Kirchhoff’s small deformation hypothesis, accounting for surface-inner dissipation and geometric differences. Using the time-domain differential method, we convert the integral model into an equivalent differential model and derive an analytical solution for the deformation recovery. Combined with finite element (FE) analysis, we study the load/geometric effects on the viscoelastic recovery of the nanocircular-arc. The results agree well with the experimental results and the FE simulations. They show that laminated structures and surface dissipation endow the recovery process with two intrinsic characteristic time scales and two stages, including an instantaneous jump and long-term evolution, in which the synergy and competition between bending and axial deformation cause the dependence of recovery behavior on the loading direction and symmetry-breaking phenomena. This study clarifies experimental mechanisms and provides a new dissipation control approach.