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<p>Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been shown as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws into the network training. Despite their remarkable results, complicated problems such as irregular boundary conditions (BCs) and discontinuous or high-frequency behaviors remain persistent challenges for PINNs. For these reasons, we propose a novel two-phase framework, where a neural network is first trained to represent shape functions that can capture the irregularity of BCs in the first phase, and then these neural network-based shape functions are used to construct boundary shape functions (BSFs) that exactly satisfy both essential and natural BCs in PINNs in the second phase. This scheme is integrated into both the strong-form and energy PINN approaches, thereby improving the quality of solution prediction in the cases of irregular BCs. In addition, this study examines the benefits and limitations of these approaches in handling discontinuous and high-frequency problems. Overall, our method offers a unified and flexible solution framework that addresses key limitations of existing PINN methods with higher accuracy and stability for general PDE problems in solid mechanics.</p>

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Neural boundary shape functions in physics-informed neural networks for discontinuous and high-frequency problems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • P. T. Nguyen,
  • K. A. Luong,
  • J. H. Lee

摘要

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been shown as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws into the network training. Despite their remarkable results, complicated problems such as irregular boundary conditions (BCs) and discontinuous or high-frequency behaviors remain persistent challenges for PINNs. For these reasons, we propose a novel two-phase framework, where a neural network is first trained to represent shape functions that can capture the irregularity of BCs in the first phase, and then these neural network-based shape functions are used to construct boundary shape functions (BSFs) that exactly satisfy both essential and natural BCs in PINNs in the second phase. This scheme is integrated into both the strong-form and energy PINN approaches, thereby improving the quality of solution prediction in the cases of irregular BCs. In addition, this study examines the benefits and limitations of these approaches in handling discontinuous and high-frequency problems. Overall, our method offers a unified and flexible solution framework that addresses key limitations of existing PINN methods with higher accuracy and stability for general PDE problems in solid mechanics.