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<p>Antimicrobial-resistant <i>Aeromonas</i> species are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and pose a growing risk to environmental, animal, and human health. This study assessed the occurrence, species diversity, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and associated resistomes of <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. isolated from the Asa River, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 108 water samples were collected monthly from upstream, midstream, and downstream locations between January and December 2021. Isolates were recovered using selective culture, identified by biochemical methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against ten commonly used antibiotics. Resistance genes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-eight <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates were identified, comprising <i>A. hydrophila</i> (40.8%), <i>A. caviae</i> (23.5%), <i>A. allosaccharophila</i> (15.3%), <i>A. veronii</i> (15.3%), and <i>A. dhakensis</i> (5.1%). High resistance rates were observed to oxytetracycline (83.3–100%), penicillin (50.0–100%), and cephalexin (33.3–100%), with most isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Principal component analysis showed similar resistance profiles among <i>A. hydrophila</i>, <i>A. caviae</i>, and <i>A. veronii</i>, while <i>A. allosaccharophila and A. dhakensis</i> displayed distinct clustering patterns. All isolates harboured the β-lactamase genes <i>ampC</i> and <i>bla</i>CTX-M (100%). The tetracycline resistance gene <i>tetA</i> was highly prevalent (80–100%), whereas <i>tetB</i>, <i>bla</i>TEM, class 1 integrons, and sulfonamide resistance genes occurred at lower, species-dependent frequencies. These findings demonstrate that the Asa River serves as an important environmental reservoir for multidrug-resistant <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. and clinically relevant resistance genes, with implications for aquatic health and the human–animal–environment interface. This underscores the need for continuous surveillance and One Health–based antimicrobial resistance control strategies.</p>

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Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas species and their associated resistomes from natural aquatic environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Deborah Arimie Adah,
  • Lawal Saidu,
  • Sonnie Joshua Oniye,
  • Adakole Sylvanus Adah,
  • Temiloluwa Priscilla Jokotola,
  • Shola David Ola-Fadunsin,
  • Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu

摘要

Antimicrobial-resistant Aeromonas species are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and pose a growing risk to environmental, animal, and human health. This study assessed the occurrence, species diversity, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and associated resistomes of Aeromonas spp. isolated from the Asa River, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 108 water samples were collected monthly from upstream, midstream, and downstream locations between January and December 2021. Isolates were recovered using selective culture, identified by biochemical methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against ten commonly used antibiotics. Resistance genes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-eight Aeromonas isolates were identified, comprising A. hydrophila (40.8%), A. caviae (23.5%), A. allosaccharophila (15.3%), A. veronii (15.3%), and A. dhakensis (5.1%). High resistance rates were observed to oxytetracycline (83.3–100%), penicillin (50.0–100%), and cephalexin (33.3–100%), with most isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Principal component analysis showed similar resistance profiles among A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii, while A. allosaccharophila and A. dhakensis displayed distinct clustering patterns. All isolates harboured the β-lactamase genes ampC and blaCTX-M (100%). The tetracycline resistance gene tetA was highly prevalent (80–100%), whereas tetB, blaTEM, class 1 integrons, and sulfonamide resistance genes occurred at lower, species-dependent frequencies. These findings demonstrate that the Asa River serves as an important environmental reservoir for multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. and clinically relevant resistance genes, with implications for aquatic health and the human–animal–environment interface. This underscores the need for continuous surveillance and One Health–based antimicrobial resistance control strategies.