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<p>To address the challenges of cold chain distribution for perishable goods during disruptions or emergency situations such as infectious diseases and global epidemic, this paper investigates an integrated optimization problem called the multi-echelon location routing problem with vehicle-drone delivery (ME-LRP-VD). Specifically, it is defined as a novel transportation system integrating two types of facility location, multi-echelon path planning, and collaborative operation between vehicles and drones. This mode facilitates the consolidation and transshipment of fresh goods via the distribution transshipment station (DTS) in the first-echelon transportation. While in the second-echelon distribution, this mode provides pickup services for normal residents and permits the launch and landing of drones to serve quarantined residents via the contactless delivery site (CDS). Given this, we explicitly model various types of economic costs, travel time of heterogeneous vehicles and drones, the risk of virus transmission, and quality decay of fresh products, develop a mixed-integer programming model with multi-objective optimization. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid multi-objective metaheuristic approach based on decomposition techniques in which a bi-level clustering algorithm with the spatio-temporal feature is designed to obtain the location strategies of distribution transshipment sites and contactless delivery sites, followed by a cooperative multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with the local search rule is applied to explore the Pareto solution for multi-echelon vehicle-drone routes. Finally, extensive computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in each solution under various scale problem instances. A real-world implementation case in Chongqing, China, further validates the operational feasibility of ME-LRP-VD system. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze key parameters and further provides some management implications regarding perishable product distribution in case of some disruptions or emergency situation.</p>

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Multi-echelon location routing problem with vehicle-drone delivery and transshipment for cold chain transportation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Yanfeng Li,
  • Jie Zhang

摘要

To address the challenges of cold chain distribution for perishable goods during disruptions or emergency situations such as infectious diseases and global epidemic, this paper investigates an integrated optimization problem called the multi-echelon location routing problem with vehicle-drone delivery (ME-LRP-VD). Specifically, it is defined as a novel transportation system integrating two types of facility location, multi-echelon path planning, and collaborative operation between vehicles and drones. This mode facilitates the consolidation and transshipment of fresh goods via the distribution transshipment station (DTS) in the first-echelon transportation. While in the second-echelon distribution, this mode provides pickup services for normal residents and permits the launch and landing of drones to serve quarantined residents via the contactless delivery site (CDS). Given this, we explicitly model various types of economic costs, travel time of heterogeneous vehicles and drones, the risk of virus transmission, and quality decay of fresh products, develop a mixed-integer programming model with multi-objective optimization. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid multi-objective metaheuristic approach based on decomposition techniques in which a bi-level clustering algorithm with the spatio-temporal feature is designed to obtain the location strategies of distribution transshipment sites and contactless delivery sites, followed by a cooperative multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with the local search rule is applied to explore the Pareto solution for multi-echelon vehicle-drone routes. Finally, extensive computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in each solution under various scale problem instances. A real-world implementation case in Chongqing, China, further validates the operational feasibility of ME-LRP-VD system. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze key parameters and further provides some management implications regarding perishable product distribution in case of some disruptions or emergency situation.