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<p>Perishable food supply chains present critical sustainability challenges, particularly regarding fresh consumption, food waste, and unequal waste burdens. This study proposes a closed-loop supply chain network design that integrates forward and reverse logistics to optimize economic, environmental, and social performance. A multi-objective mixed-integer programming model is developed to maximize profit, enhance product freshness, and minimize carbon emissions. To promote social equity, the model introduces a Waste Disparity Index (WDI), which adjusts allowable waste levels based on local waste accumulation. Comparative analysis with an open-loop system shows that incorporating reverse logistics and waste separation facilities improves profitability, reduces waste, and lowers <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10479_2025_6919_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {CO}_2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> emissions. The findings support circular economy practices and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals by advancing responsible consumption, environmental equity, and community well-being.</p>

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Sustainable food distribution approach: closed-loop network design strategies for fresh consumption and waste justice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Sun Olapiriyakul,
  • Warut Pannakkong

摘要

Perishable food supply chains present critical sustainability challenges, particularly regarding fresh consumption, food waste, and unequal waste burdens. This study proposes a closed-loop supply chain network design that integrates forward and reverse logistics to optimize economic, environmental, and social performance. A multi-objective mixed-integer programming model is developed to maximize profit, enhance product freshness, and minimize carbon emissions. To promote social equity, the model introduces a Waste Disparity Index (WDI), which adjusts allowable waste levels based on local waste accumulation. Comparative analysis with an open-loop system shows that incorporating reverse logistics and waste separation facilities improves profitability, reduces waste, and lowers \(\text {CO}_2\) emissions. The findings support circular economy practices and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals by advancing responsible consumption, environmental equity, and community well-being.