<p>The combined reserve of physical and production capacity by the government and private enterprise is currently one of the most widely adopted emergency relief reserve modes. However, the incomplete evaluation of the supplier’s resilience and the ignorance of its relationship with the implementation of production capacity reserve may hinder the timely and sufficient supply of relief during a disaster. To address the limitations, a relief reserve allocation approach considering the supplier’s resilience in a multi-type relief and multi-supplier scenario is proposed. The approach consists of two parts, first, a disaster simulation-based method considering all the node enterprises’ performance and the network structure is developed to evaluate the overall resilience of a supply chain network. Then, the overall resilience of the supply chain network is used to indicate the corresponding 1st-tier supplier’s resilience, and the correlation between the 1st-tier supplier resilience, the implementation of production capacity reserve, and the final delivered relief is identified to construct a stochastic programming model for the optimal allocation scheme of physical and production capacity reserve among alternative suppliers. A random sampling solution method is designed to solve the model. Numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model and solution method, and several managerial insights are proposed accordingly.</p>