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<p>This study presents a sustainable two-level distribution model for urban e-commerce logistics. The objective is to design an optimized delivery system that minimizes environmental impact and transportation costs while ensuring equitable service coverage across city zones. We develop a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model incorporating emissions, cost, and fairness indicators. The model determines distribution allocation over two levels: from a central depot to intermediate platforms, then to customers. Real data from the Île-de-France region are collected. We used an ε-constraint and weighted sum methods to model and solve our problem using IBM ILOG CPLEX. Depending on the weight assigned to environmental and equity objectives, our proposed model reduces total distance by up to 20% and carbon emissions by up to 15%. Additionally, fairness indicators provide a more balanced customer service across regions when equity is prioritized. These trade-offs demonstrate the flexibility of the model in adapting to different policies or business strategies. Our Model can be used to support decision-makers in designing greener, fairer last-mile delivery systems in urban e-commerce environments.</p>

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A multi-objective model for two-level distribution system in the city of Paris

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Haifa Jammeli,
  • Jerome Verny

摘要

This study presents a sustainable two-level distribution model for urban e-commerce logistics. The objective is to design an optimized delivery system that minimizes environmental impact and transportation costs while ensuring equitable service coverage across city zones. We develop a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model incorporating emissions, cost, and fairness indicators. The model determines distribution allocation over two levels: from a central depot to intermediate platforms, then to customers. Real data from the Île-de-France region are collected. We used an ε-constraint and weighted sum methods to model and solve our problem using IBM ILOG CPLEX. Depending on the weight assigned to environmental and equity objectives, our proposed model reduces total distance by up to 20% and carbon emissions by up to 15%. Additionally, fairness indicators provide a more balanced customer service across regions when equity is prioritized. These trade-offs demonstrate the flexibility of the model in adapting to different policies or business strategies. Our Model can be used to support decision-makers in designing greener, fairer last-mile delivery systems in urban e-commerce environments.