<p>Driven by the critical global climate, developing green supply chains has become an essential goal for companies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques like ChatGPT have experienced tremendous development in recent years, and the AI content generation techniques have reached a new stage of application. While ChatGPT has made significant contributions to the fields of mass media, computer science, education and others, there is limited research on its application in the supply chain management. Therefore, this research aims to explore the management capabilities of green supply chain by proposing a new application framework for ChatGPT. In this study, empirical data were collected from 215 listed companies in China. By employing ChatGPT to analyse these data and comparing with benchmark statistical analysis methods, this paper reveals the significant potential of ChatGPT in green supply chain management. The empirical analysis results demonstrated that ChatGPT could assist companies in green assessment of internal supply chains and provide management suggestions by exploring green data, and thus assist companies to achieve more efficient green supply chain management. This study provided preliminary application attempts and validated the effectiveness of ChatGPT, which might encourage companies to consider the introduction of ChatGPT-liked large language models in green supply chain management to further promote the construction of green supply chains. Furthermore, this study explored potential research topics of ChatGPT in green supply chain management and seeks to help researchers to develop further research in this topic.</p>