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<p>Surface-mounted technology (SMT process) is a crucial technology in the solder paste printing process of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The SMT process offers high stability, low welding defect rates, and good high-frequency properties. It also reduces electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. Thus, improving SMT process capabilities can increase production efficiency, reduce production costs, and stabilize the working environment of circuits, which in turn enables good technical support for subsequent processes. According to some studies, PCBs with severe solder paste misalignment are more likely to malfunction within their warranty period, thereby resulting in losses. The number of product failures generally follows a Poisson distribution; the current paper exploited this characteristic to propose a simple and easy-to-use product failure evaluation index. The proposed index is a function of the process capability index and has a one-to-one mathematical relationship with the product non-conformance rate. First, we derive the confidence interval of process capability index <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10479_2025_6594_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{PK}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">PK</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Based on this, the confidence interval of the proposed index is derived. We then develop a fuzzy failure evaluation model for PCBs based on this confidence interval. The proposed approach assists the electronics industry in monitoring the impact of process capabilities on solder paste misalignment in PCBs. It further evaluates whether product failure rates are controlled within tolerable levels.</p>

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Application fuzzy failure evaluation model in printed circuit board products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月21日

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  • Kuen-Suan Chen,
  • Chun-Min Yu

摘要

Surface-mounted technology (SMT process) is a crucial technology in the solder paste printing process of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The SMT process offers high stability, low welding defect rates, and good high-frequency properties. It also reduces electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. Thus, improving SMT process capabilities can increase production efficiency, reduce production costs, and stabilize the working environment of circuits, which in turn enables good technical support for subsequent processes. According to some studies, PCBs with severe solder paste misalignment are more likely to malfunction within their warranty period, thereby resulting in losses. The number of product failures generally follows a Poisson distribution; the current paper exploited this characteristic to propose a simple and easy-to-use product failure evaluation index. The proposed index is a function of the process capability index and has a one-to-one mathematical relationship with the product non-conformance rate. First, we derive the confidence interval of process capability index \(S_{PK}\) S PK . Based on this, the confidence interval of the proposed index is derived. We then develop a fuzzy failure evaluation model for PCBs based on this confidence interval. The proposed approach assists the electronics industry in monitoring the impact of process capabilities on solder paste misalignment in PCBs. It further evaluates whether product failure rates are controlled within tolerable levels.