<p>In this paper, we investigate the spectrality of a class of Moran measures <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{\{R_{n}\},\{B_{n}\}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> generated by a sequence of integers <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{R_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and a sequence of product-form digit sets <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{B_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_{n}=N^{q_{n}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_{n}=\{0,1,\ldots ,N-1\}\oplus N^{p_{n}}\{0,1,\ldots ,N-1\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>⊕</mo> <msup> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q_{n},~p_{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are positive integers for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We give some sufficient conditions for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{\{R_{n}\},\{B_{n}\}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to be a spectral measure, i.e., there exists a countable set <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{e^{2\pi i\lambda \cdot x}:\lambda \in \Lambda \}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an orthonormal basis in <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2(\mu _{\{R_{n}\},\{B_{n}\}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our results partially extend the work of Liu et&#xa0;al. [<CitationRef CitationID="CR19">19</CitationRef>], where <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_n=p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q_n=q\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, we show that our results can be extended to higher-dimensional settings.</p>

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Spectrality of a class of Moran measures with product-form digit sets

  • Kailing Lai

摘要

In this paper, we investigate the spectrality of a class of Moran measures \(\mu _{\{R_{n}\},\{B_{n}\}}\) μ { R n } , { B n } generated by a sequence of integers \(\{R_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) { R n } n = 1 and a sequence of product-form digit sets \(\{B_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }\) { B n } n = 1 , where \(R_{n}=N^{q_{n}}\) R n = N q n , \(B_{n}=\{0,1,\ldots ,N-1\}\oplus N^{p_{n}}\{0,1,\ldots ,N-1\}\) B n = { 0 , 1 , , N - 1 } N p n { 0 , 1 , , N - 1 } with \(N\ge 2\) N 2 and \(q_{n},~p_{n}\) q n , p n are positive integers for \(n\ge 1\) n 1 . We give some sufficient conditions for \(\mu _{\{R_{n}\},\{B_{n}\}}\) μ { R n } , { B n } to be a spectral measure, i.e., there exists a countable set \(\Lambda \) Λ such that \(\{e^{2\pi i\lambda \cdot x}:\lambda \in \Lambda \}\) { e 2 π i λ · x : λ Λ } is an orthonormal basis in \(L^2(\mu _{\{R_{n}\},\{B_{n}\}})\) L 2 ( μ { R n } , { B n } ) . Our results partially extend the work of Liu et al. [19], where \(p_n=p\) p n = p and \(q_n=q\) q n = q for all \(n\ge 1\) n 1 . Furthermore, we show that our results can be extended to higher-dimensional settings.